PSYC 107 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last LectureI. Experimental Designsa. Dependent Variable b. Independent Variable c. Experimental Group d. Control GroupII. Experimenter Biasa. Double blind experiment III. Central Tendencya. Mode, Median, Mean IV. Variabilitya. Range b. Standard deviationV. CorrelationCORRELATION DOES NOT MEAN CAUSATION!!!Outline of Current Lecture I. Correlationa. Inverse relationshipII. Chapter 6 Starts here – Developmenta. Age related systematic, sequential, and long lasting. III. Prenatal Developmenta. Zygote b. Embryoc. Fetus: d. TeratogensIV. Newbornsa. Attachment i. Secure and Insecure.Lecture 5 NotesI. Correlationa. Only tells us that there is a relationship, not that one caused the other. b. Has to be within a range of -1 to 1. c. Strengthi. How correlated something is. ii. Size of the number without paying attention to the sign. iii. .9 is stronger than .3, and 0 means that there is no relationship.iv. 1 is rare because that means that the 2 things are perfectly correlated. d. Direction i. Positive or Negative1. Tells us whether something is inversely related. a. (+) Number of drinks increases as does the likelihood of saying something stupid. b. (-) Number of drinks increases as the ability to drivedecreases. (Inverse). II. Chapter 6 Starts here – Developmenta. Developmental: age related systematic, sequential, and long lasting. Not about how opinions change, more about how as a child you were one kind of crazy and now you are still crazy but it is a different type of crazy. b. Learning how to count is a sort of development. III. Prenatal Developmenta. Zygote: first 2 weeks of development, rapid cellular division. b. Embryo: 2 weeks to 2 months of pregnancy. Forming organs and limbs, this is where the high risk of congenital defects happens at this age. i. Most women do not know that they are pregnant at this stage, which is why there are so many risks to the fetus. c. Fetus: 3rd month to end of pregnancy. Increased growth and organ function, by 7 months all systems are functioning but they are immature. d. Teratogensi. External substances that can harm development in the womb. ii. Prenatal care is important for the baby but also for the mother. 1. Alcohol, drugs, radiation, disease. 2. Ectopic pregnancy is bad. IV. Newbornsa. Sleep 70% of the time, but not when you want them to. b. Large objects up close are easy to see but far vision is blurry. c. Do not have very good selective listening skills. d. Reflexes – involuntary behaviors (hand curls around everything.)i. Attachment 1. Bond between caregivers and children. Can be adopted and have this bond too, if parents are good. 2. Securea. Child feels valued and safe to explore the world around them. Trust and care. 3. Insecurea. Not safe in world, no trust, not raised to believe that they can succeed. b. Avoidant, ambivalent, and disorganized. c. This can happen when adults are not parenting in the right
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