PSYC 107 1nd Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I What is Psychology II Psychological Subfields a Thirteen different types III The spectrum of Psychology IV Individual Psychology V Schools of Thought a Structuralism psychodynamic functionalism behaviorism cognitive social cultural and evolutionary Outline of Current Lecture I Game Show Idea II Conducting Ethical Research a Switch or Stay III 3 Parts of an Ethical Experiment a Law b Theory c Hypothesis IV Operational Definitions V Research Designs a Descriptive Correlational Experimental Naturalistic Case Studies Surveys Current Lecture I Game show idea a When there are three cards 2 red and 1 green you have a 1 3 chance of winning b When the game show host holds up one of the red losing cards that makes the person These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute think that they only have a 50 50 shot where as a matter of fact it is not i This supports the idea that things that often seem obvious around us often are not what they seem ii Basic idea as shown below switching might not be so bad after all Switch Stay Win 7 0 Lose 3 5 II Conducting Ethical Research a The institutional review board is a group of people who are responsible for making decisions about the cost benefit analysis i They decide whether the trial is worth it ii Some studies have very little cost to the participant in terms of time and effort 1 Watching people text and drive might be dangerous for them but as the researcher is only watching them it costs the subject no time or effort iii Drug Trials 1 These can have a huge impact on the patient 2 Often times they test the sickest patients 3 Need to go through lots of training for this kind of research 4 Process of informed consent iv Validity 1 The extent to which conclusions drawn in research are legitimate 2 Threats to validity a Outliers things or people that make it difficult to make the study look authentic v Scientific Research 1 Identify the problem 2 Develop definitions 3 Collect data a Ethically 4 Report results III 3 Parts of an Ethical Experiment a Law i This is the broadest of the three ii General principles applying to all situations in a domain iii Law of effect 1 States that behavior will indicate what people will do b Theory i Set of statements that should predict statements in domain ii Tells us a general story of what should happen c Hypothesis i Specific ii Testable idea in a study IV Operational Definitions a Statements that describe variable and methods b The problems occur when there is a mismatch between conceptualization and operation This is when validity gets questioned i For example an experiment is supposed to make someone mad but instead it makes them sad This threatens the validity of the entire experiment ii How someone thinks its going to turn out versus how it really does turn out V Designs of Research a Descriptive i What s happening right now in this world ii Picture of the current state of situational interest iii Figure out the future b Correlational i Describes relationships among variables ii Testing people to determine future success c Experimental i Manipulate a group of people that are the same at the start but that are different at the beginning d Naturalistic i Observation ii Watching people in their natural environment iii There is no interaction between the researcher and the subjects e Case Studies i Done by finding out deep info about a niche or unusual group of people ii Can also be an unusual experience f Surveys i Questionnaire
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