PSYC 107 1nd Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last LectureI. What is Psychology?II. Psychological Subfieldsa. Thirteen different typesIII. The spectrum of PsychologyIV. Individual PsychologyV. Schools of Thoughta. Structuralism, psychodynamic, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitive, socialcultural and evolutionary. Outline of Current Lecture I. Game Show IdeaII. Conducting Ethical Researcha. Switch or Stay?III. 3 Parts of an Ethical Experimenta. Lawb. Theoryc. HypothesisIV. Operational DefinitionsV. Research Designsa. Descriptive, Correlational, Experimental, Naturalistic, Case Studies, SurveysCurrent LectureI. Game show idea a. When there are three cards, 2 red and 1 green, you have a 1/3 chance of winning. b. When the game show host holds up one of the red (losing) cards that makes the person These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.think that they only have a 50/50 shot where as a matter of fact it is not. i. This supports the idea that things that often seem obvious around us often are not what they seem. ii. Basic idea – as shown below, switching might not be so bad after all. Switch StayWin 7 0Lose 3 5II. Conducting Ethical Researcha. The institutional review board is a group of people who are responsible for making decisions about the cost/benefit analysis. i. They decide whether the trial is worth it. ii. Some studies have very little cost to the participant in terms of time and effort. 1. Watching people text and drive, might be dangerous for them, but as the researcher is only watching them – it costs the subject no time or effort.iii. Drug Trials1. These can have a huge impact on the patient. 2. Often times they test the sickest patients. 3. Need to go through lots of training for this kind of research.4. “Process of informed consent”iv. Validity1. The extent to which conclusions drawn in research are legitimate. 2. Threats to validity?a. Outliers, things or people that make it difficult to make the study look authentic. v. Scientific Research1. Identify the problem2. Develop definitions3. Collect dataa. Ethically4. Report resultsIII. 3 Parts of an Ethical Experimenta. Law i. This is the broadest of the three. ii. General principles applying to all situations in a domain. iii. Law of effect 1. States that behavior will indicate what people will do.b. Theoryi. Set of statements that should predict statements in domain. ii. Tells us a general story of what should happen. c. Hypothesisi. Specificii. Testable idea in a studyIV. Operational Definitionsa. Statements that describe variable and methods. b. The problems occur when there is a mismatch between conceptualization and operation. This is when validity gets questioned. i. For example – an experiment is supposed to make someone mad, but instead it makes them sad. This threatens the validity of the entire experiment. ii. How someone thinks its going to turn out versus how it really does turn out. V. Designs of Researcha. Descriptivei. What’s happening right now in this world. ii. Picture of the current state of situational interest. iii. Figure out the future. b. Correlationali. Describes relationships among variables. ii. Testing people to determine future success. c. Experimentali. Manipulate a group of people that are the same at the start but that are differentat the beginning. d. Naturalistici. Observationii. Watching people in their natural environment.iii. There is no interaction between the researcher and the subjects. e. Case Studiesi. Done by finding out deep info about a “niche” or unusual group of people. ii. Can also be an unusual experience. f. Surveysi.
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