PSYC 107 1st Edition Lecture #22 – Social Influences and FacilitationOutline of Last Lecture I. Attributionsa. Process of explaining the causes of behaviorb. Biases i. Fundamental attribution errorii. Ultimate attribution erroriii. Actor-observer biasiv. Self-serving biasc. Ingroup/outgroup biasd. StereotypesII. Attitudesa. Evaluations of objects, events, or ideasb. LearnedIII. Cognitive dissonancea. Festingeri. He said that people want consistency between attitudes and behavior1. This is a very uncomfortable thing for people. Outline of Current LectureI. Self-perception theorya. People don’t always know what their attitudes are, so they look to their behavior and infer their attitudes from their actionsb. PersuasionII. Elaboration likelihood modela. We tend to focus on the peripheral things, depending on how important they are. b. Central route (high elaboration)c. Peripheral route (low elaboration)III. Social influencea. Social normsIV. Social facilitation vs. social inhibitiona. Social facilitationb. Social inhibitionc. Zajonc’s ModelLecture 22 NotesV. Self-perception theorya. Name to know: Bemb. People don’t always know what their attitudes are, so they look to their behavior and infer their attitudes from their actionsc. Persuasioni. The attempts made to change someone’s opinion or frame of mind. ii. Three factors involved in success of persuasive messages1. Communicator – takes a certain type of person2. Message content – what is the quality of the argument3. Audience – 3 years old versus adults, different ages have different perceptions and availability for this. VI. Elaboration likelihood modela. We tend to focus on the peripheral things, depending on how important they are. b. Central route (high elaboration)i. Pay attention to the content of the messageii. Carefully process the messagec. Peripheral route (low elaboration)i. Affected by peripheral cues ii. Poor processing of the messageVII. Social influencea. Process whereby the words and actions of others influence usb. Social normsi. Learned, socially based rules that prescribe what we should or should not doii. Example: norm of reciprocity1. If I give you something, you give me something back. 2. Interesting because if I know you well I will assume that you will pay me back over time and that it will balance out later. If I do not know you well, you will probably pay me back as soon as possible. VIII. Social facilitation vs. social inhibitiona. Social facilitationi. Presence of others improves our performanceb. Social inhibitioni. Performance reduced in presence of othersc. Zajonc’s Modeli. Presence of Others Arousal Dominant Reponse 1. DR is either correct or incorrecta. Incorrecti. Leads to social inhibition. b. Correcti. Leads to social
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