PSYC 107 1st Edition Lecture 15 Conditioning and Mental Shaping Outline of Last Lecture I Dreaming Recap a Everyone dreams b REM No deep critical thinking accept any logic prefrontal lobes are not fully active c Theories II Psychoactive Drugs a Stimulants fire you up b Depressants reduce CNS activity c Opioids reduce pain d Hallucinogens alter sensation and perception III Learning a Process through which experience modifies pre existing behavior and understanding b Pavlov studied dog digestion system Outline of Current Lecture I Learning II Timing a Important how this is done b Signal strength is also key III Operant Conditioning a Organisms learn responses by operating on the environment based on what is happening after we behave i Law of effect Thorndike IV Shaping a Reinforce successive approximations b Negative reinforcement c Escape conditioning d Avoidance conditioning e Primary reinforcers f Secondary reinforcers Lecture 15 Notes I Learning a CS something that used to be neutral but is now a symbol for something b c d e Acquisition Learning the CS Extinction disappearance of the CR Reconditioning paring in go f the CS with the UCS after extinction Spontaneous recovery CR will reappear if time has passed since extinction It gets learned faster the 2nd 3rd 4th time ect f Stimulus generalization i Neutral stimuli similar to the CS may also elicit a similar conditioned response 1 Likely to produce the same thing 2 Different not likely to produce the same thing g Stimulus discrimination i Learning the differences between stimuli II Timing a Important how this is done b Predictability is also a good thing to train Consistency in this regard present NS before UCS the better the more predictable the signal c Signal strength is also key the stronger it is the better it works i Louder bells more food ii Attention whatever it is that you are aren t paying attention to determines the response iii Bio preparedness we are set up biologically to pick up on some NS or CS more than others III Operant Conditioning a Organisms learn responses by operating on the environment based on what is happening after we behave i Law of effect Thorndike ii Behaviors that lead to rewards are likely to recur iii Behaviors that lead to discomfort are not likely to recur b Operant a response that has some effect on the world c Reinforcer increases probability that an operant behavior will happen again i Something good follows what you do ii Positive 1 Added to your world that is good after behavior iii Negative 1 Remove something that is unpleasant still a positive net gain Good thing 2 IV Shaping a Reinforce successive approximations b Ultimate goal of behavior that we continue to see as people get closer we reward them i Closer to desired response is a reward ii Ignore other behavior c Negative reinforcement i Remove unpleasant stimuli d Escape conditioning i Make response to end an adverse stimulus e Avoidance conditioning i Make response to avoid exposure to an adverse stimulus ii Hard to get rid of because the reality is never tested f Primary reinforcers i Inherently rewarding like chocolate g Secondary reinforcers i Previously neutral stimulus that takes on a primary property
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