PSYC 107 1st Edition Lecture 20 Lingual Development and Processes Outline of Last Lecture I Intelligence II III IV V 1 Steven Wiltshire traditional intelligence theory b Psychometric approach Spearman s view of intelligence c Cattell 1 Fluid 2 Crystallized Triarchic theory Creativity How do we measure intelligence a Binet b Stanford Binet i IQ Intelligence quotient Army Testing a Army Alpha was the first group administered test b Army Beta was the version made for people who could not read English Outline of Current Lecture I Quality of Tests a Systematic process for determining the behavior in a standard situation i Reliability the extent to which results are repeatable and stable ii Validity degree to which test measures what it is supposed to measure II Nature vs Nurture a Heritability versus environmental effects III Language a System of communication that uses symbols in a regular way to create meaning Complex little sounds b Rules c Surface and deep structure d Critical period hypothesis e Phonological development f Morphological development g Symantic development h Aphasia Lecture 20 Notes I Quality of Tests a Systematic process for determining the behavior in a standard situation i Reliability the extent to which results are repeatable and stable 1 Test retest 2 Alternate form 3 Split half ii Validity degree to which test measures what it is supposed to measure 1 Depends on how the test is used 2 In other words a math test cannot measure the personality of someone 3 Content does it test the material that it claimed it was going to cover 4 Criterion does the test relate to something it should II Nature vs Nurture a Heritability versus environmental effects i Twin studies 1 Identical have almost matching IQ 2 Fraternal have more differentiation ii Adoption studies iii Summer effect 1 IQs drop over the summertime III Language a System of communication that uses symbols in a regular way to create meaning Complex little sounds i Phoneme littlest bits of sound ii Morpheme smallest units of meaning makes a word iii Words morphemes come together to make these iv Syntax rules of how words go together v Context matters to what our language means b Rules i Grammar ii Syntax order iii Semantics meaning c Surface and deep structure i Surface words that people string together ii Deep abstract representation of relationships expressed in a sentence d Critical period hypothesis i There is a critical period of time in which we can learn things easily ii Not impossible to learn after CP more work just has to be put in e Phonological development i 2 days they are able to distinguish between foreign languages ii 6 8 weeks vowel sounds begin iii 7 months babbling iv 1 3 years the utterances contain many errors f Morphological development i 10 12 months they begin to understand commonly used words ii 1 year first words and lots of nouns iii 2 years several hundred words in vocabulary iv 5 years several thousand words v 10 years 50 000 words vi late teens over 200 000 words in vocabulary g Symantic development i 1 word stage telegraphic stage simple sentences complex sentences h Aphasia i Difficulty in language comprehension or production 1 Brocas location in brain affected is the motor cortex language production 2 Wernicke s near the auditory complex language comprehension
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