PSYC 107 1st Edition Lecture #25 – Hunger and Theories of Emotion and BehaviorOutline of Last Lecture I. Emotionsa. Transitory, Valence, Distracts, Elicits action tendency, Passions (usually without will)i. James-Lange theoryii. Cannon-Bard theoryiii. Schacter-Singer theoryII. Stressa. Stress reactionsb. Psychological StressorsIII. General Adaptation Syndromei. Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustionii. Sex differencesIV. Cognitive stress responsesa. Ruminative thinkingb. Catastrophizinga. MediatorsOutline of Current LectureI. Emotional and Behavioral Theoriesa. Drive reduction theoryb. Arousal theoryi. People are motivated to behave in ways to maintain their optimal level of arousalc. Incentive Theoryi. People act to attain positive incentives and to avoid negative onesd. Goal Setting Theoryi. People strive to attain goalsII. Hungera. General state of wanting to eati. Satiety b. Sensory-specific satietyLecture 25 NotesI. Emotional and Behavioral Theoriesa. Drive reduction theoryi. Homeostasis: tendency for organisms to keep physiological systems at equilibriumii. If out of balance, need is creatediii. Drive: psychological feeling of arousal that prompts an organism to take action1. Something happens, then an unbalanced equilibrium, thena need, then a psychological drive, then an action, then back to equilibrium. b. Arousal theoryi. People are motivated to behave in ways to maintain their optimal level of arousalii. This is not sexual arousal, this is simply a need based response to something in the environment. 1. Yerkes-Dodson law:a. Optimal arousal enhances performanceb. Other levels of arousal hinder performancei. We act out of the need to attain a goal and avoid situations that are negative. c. Incentive Theoryi. People act to attain positive incentives and to avoid negative onesii. Environmental, external stimuli can motivate behaviord. Goal Setting Theoryi. People strive to attain goals1. Characteristics of good goalsi. Clearii. Specificiii. Measurableiv. Challenging (but not overly difficult/impossible)II. Hungera. General state of wanting to eati. Satiety 1. The opposite of hunger2. General state of no longer wanting to eatii. Stomach signals usually only when extremesa. Ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamusb. Lateral hypothalamusb. Sensory-specific
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