PSYC 107 1st Edition Lecture 16 Schedules Reinforcement and Memory Outline of Last Lecture I Learning II Timing a Important how this is done b Signal strength is also key III Operant Conditioning a Organisms learn responses by operating on the environment based on what is happening after we behave i Law of effect Thorndike IV Shaping a Reinforce successive approximations b Negative reinforcement c Escape conditioning d Avoidance conditioning e Primary reinforcers f Secondary reinforcers Outline of Current Lecture I Schedules a Continuous b Intermittent c Positive punishment d Negative punishment II Chapter 8 Memory a Process by which information is acquired stored in the brain and later retrieved b Constructive memory III Memory a Episodic Semantic Procedural Prospective IV Implicit vs Explicit V Sensory Memory a Holds information long enough for future processing b Short Term Memory Lecture 16 Notes VI Schedules a Continuous every time you do it you get a prize b Intermittent partial sometimes you get a reward Set amount Average Amount Number of Behaviors Fixed Ratio get a reward after every three behaviors Time Fixed Interval first behavior after behavior gets a reward Variable Ratio get Variable interval it after an average amount of time number of varies but averages behaviors could be to three days or 1 could be 5 something like that c Positive punishment add something unpleasant to decrease behavior Least favored by psychologists because it can escalate d Negative punishment also known as penalty Taking away something pleasant Behavior When Increases Decreases Something is Added reinforcement punishment Removed reinforcement punishment penalt y VII Chapter 8 Memory a Process by which information is acquired stored in the brain and later retrieved i Persistence of experiences or learning chunking big pieces of info ii Bowl breakfast food hunger spoon fork ect example iii Semantic distinctiveness one random funny word in a group stands out and is easier to remember Like dinosaur in the list above that would be weird iv Primary effect stuff at the beginning is easier to remember v Recency effect stuff at the end is easier to remember than stuff in the middle b Constructive memory i Maybe remember something no on list by association because we find a hole in that in our minds and our minds tell us to remember something that was never actually said VIII Memory a Episodic events that you were present for b Semantic meanings general knowledge huge amount of memories here c Procedural how to skills skill memory this is hard to explain to peole d Prospective remembering to do something in the future this is a weird kind of memory but it is very important IX Implicit vs Explicit a Explicit consciously remembered known i Semantic episodic prospective b Implicit influence of prior experience even if you are unaware of it i Procedural classical conditioning and priming X Sensory Memory a Holds information long enough for future processing i Ears hear but they hold it long enough for the brain to process and turn it into a thought b Short Term Memory i Stores a limited amount of information for a limited amount of time 20 seconds to a minute ii Immediate memory span max of items is about 7 2
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