PSYC 107 1st Edition Lecture 24 Stress and Emotions Outline of Last Lecture I Presence of Others a Deindividuation b Conformity i Altering behavior or beliefs as a result of group pressure 1 Public conformity vs private acceptance 2 Normative influence vs informational influence II Compliance a Alter behavior because of a direct request from someone who does not have authority over you i Foot in the door ii Door in the face iii Low ball III Obedience a Change behavior because of an explicit demand from an authority figure b Interpersonal attraction c Triangular Love Theory i Passion ii Intimacy iii Commitment Outline of Current Lecture I Emotions a Transitory Valence Distracts Elicits action tendency Passions usually without will i James Lange theory ii Cannon Bard theory iii Schacter Singer theory II Stress a Stress reactions b Psychological Stressors III General Adaptation Syndrome i Alarm Resistance Exhaustion ii Sex differences IV Cognitive stress responses a Ruminative thinking b Catastrophizing a Mediators Lecture 24 Notes I Emotions a Transitory b Valence c Distracts d Elicits action tendency e Passions usually without will i James Lange theory 1 Each emotion is the result of a specific physiological pattern 2 Emotion becomes conscious when the brain notices specific bodily changes 3 Reflexive peripheral responses precede the subjective experience of emotion ii Cannon Bard theory 1 The mind and the body experience emotions independently 2 Emotions can result from brain activity alone iii Schacter Singer theory 1 Emotions are cognitive interpretations of physiological changes during some situation 2 Attribution process of identifying the cause of some event II Stress a Negative emotional physiological and behavioral processes that occur as individuals try to adjust to events i Stressors 1 Eustress 2 Distress a k a duress b Stress reactions c Psychological Stressors i Negative emotional physiological and behavioral processes that occur as individuals try to adjust to events ii Stressors iii Eustress iv Distress a k a duress v Stress reactions III General Adaptation Syndrome a Physical responses to stress occur in a consistent pattern triggered by effort to adapt to a stressor i Alarm Resistance Exhaustion ii Sex differences 1 Evolutionary pressures and differences in oxytocin might be the cause 2 Fight or flight 3 Tend and befriend IV Cognitive stress responses a Ruminative thinking i Recurring intrusion of thoughts about stressful events b Catastrophizing i Dwelling on and overemphasizing the potential consequences of negative events a Mediators i Appraisal 1 How we perceive it matters a lot ii Predictability 1 When we predict it we like that iii Perceived control 1 Feel in control like that iv Social support 1 People always mediate stress
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