PSYC 107 1st Edition Lecture #24 – Stress and EmotionsOutline of Last Lecture I. Presence of Othersa. Deindividuationb. Conformityi. Altering behavior or beliefs as a result of group pressure1. Public conformity vs. private acceptance2. Normative influence vs. informational influenceII. Compliancea. Alter behavior because of a direct request from someone who does not have authority over youi. Foot-in-the-doorii. Door-in-the-faceiii. Low ballIII. Obediencea. Change behavior because of an explicit demand from an authority figureb. Interpersonal attractionc. Triangular Love Theory i. Passion ii. Intimacyiii. CommitmentOutline of Current LectureI. Emotionsa. Transitory, Valence, Distracts, Elicits action tendency, Passions (usually without will)i. James-Lange theoryii. Cannon-Bard theoryiii. Schacter-Singer theoryII. Stressa. Stress reactionsb. Psychological StressorsIII. General Adaptation Syndromei. Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustionii. Sex differencesIV. Cognitive stress responsesa. Ruminative thinkingb. Catastrophizinga. MediatorsLecture 24 NotesI. Emotionsa. Transitoryb. Valence c. Distractsd. Elicits action tendencye. Passions, usually without willi. James-Lange theory1. Each emotion is the result of a specific physiological pattern2. Emotion becomes conscious when the brain notices specific bodily changes3. Reflexive peripheral responses precede the subjective experience of emotionii. Cannon-Bard theory1. The mind and the body experience emotions independently2. Emotions can result from brain activity aloneiii. Schacter-Singer theory1. Emotions are cognitive interpretations of physiological changes during some situation2. Attribution: process of identifying the cause of some eventII. Stressa. Negative emotional, physiological, and behavioral processes that occur as individuals try to adjust to eventsi. Stressors1. Eustress2. Distress (a.k.a., duress)b. Stress reactionsc. Psychological Stressorsi. Negative emotional, physiological, and behavioral processes that occur as individuals try to adjust to eventsii. Stressorsiii. Eustressiv. Distress (a.k.a., duress)v. Stress reactionsIII. General Adaptation Syndromea. Physical responses to stress occur in a consistent pattern; triggered by effort to adapt to a stressori. Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustionii. Sex differences1. Evolutionary pressures and differences in oxytocin might be the cause 2. Fight-or-flight3. Tend-and-befriendIV. Cognitive stress responsesa. Ruminative thinkingi. Recurring intrusion of thoughts about stressful eventsb. Catastrophizingi. Dwelling on and overemphasizing the potential consequences of negative eventsa. Mediatorsi. Appraisal1. How we perceive it matters a lotii. Predictability1. When we predict it we like thatiii. Perceived control1. Feel in control, like thativ. Social support1. People always mediate
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