PSYC 107 1st Edition Lecture 10 Beginning of Chapter 4 Hearing and Vision Outline of Last Lecture I Recap II Brain Anatomy a Corpus Colossum i Allows communication between the left and right sides of the brain b Homunculus c Major brain Structures i Brain stem cerebrum cerebellum limbic system hypothalamus amygdala hippocampus d Cerebral Cortex i Frontal Lobe ii Temporal Lobe iii Parietal Lobe iv Occipital Lobe e Neuroplasticity and Critical Periods 1 Plasticity is not permanent some changes cannot happen later in life f Heredity this is passed from parents to the offspring g Heritability extent to which variation in a population is due to genetics i Nature vs nurture Outline of Current Lecture I Chapter 4 Introduction II Basic steps of sensing a Accessory structures Transduction Sensory nerves Adaptation III Sound a Physical characteristics b Psychological Characteristics IV Auditory Cell Structures V Coding a Place theory b Frequency matching theory c Fee effect VI Vision know the major structures VII Trichromatic Theory Lecture 10 Notes VIII Chapter 4 Introduction a Sensation translating information from outside the body nervous system into neural activity b Perception process through which sensations are interpreted how we give meaning to what we have sensed c Figure ground issue how we separate figures from the ground IX Basic steps of sensing a Accessory structures modify the stimulus and help bring them into our bodies b Transduction converts energy to neural activity changed membrane potential and causes action potentials c Sensory nerves carries information to the brain i Doctrine of specific nerve energies anything that stimulates receptor in the eye will make you see light ii Brain processes information 1 Thalamus 2 Cortexes d Adaptation occurs when the stimulus does not change X Sound a Physical characteristics i Amplitude intensity peak to trough height loudness ii Wavelength distance from one peak to the next iii Frequency number of cycles waves per second 1 These have in inverse relationship b Psychological Characteristics i Loudness ii Pitch iii Timbre same sound can sound different from different instruments XI Auditory Cell Structures a Pinna helps collect the sound waves and waved reach a tympanic membrane b 3 tiny bones that press on the oval window i Hammer ii Anvil iii Stirrup c Oval window attached to cochlea d All along cochlea are a bunch of hair cells that as vibrations pass cause action potentials to fire e Moves the basilar membrane XII Coding a Place theory information given from the location of the hairs on a basilar membrane that move the most b Frequency matching theory firing rate of the neurons matches the frequency of the sound waves c Fee effect perception of motion even though it is not happening XIII Vision know the major structures a Cornea b Iris c Pupil d Lens e Retina f Fovea g Optic nerve i Visual transduction 1 Photoreceptors a Rods light how much light and amplitude b Cones color and different kinds of color ii Photo pigments 1 Rhodopsin sensitive to the presence of light 2 Lodopsin blue green and red ranges of light a Color bling people are missing this iii Cells in the retina 1 Interneurons have lateral inhibition takes information that our brain doesn t see as sharp lines and turns them into sharp lines for us to see XIV Trichromatic Theory a 3 types of cones i Short wavelength blue ii Medium wavelength green iii Long wavelength red orange
View Full Document
Unlocking...