PSYC 107 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I Piaget s Four Stages Continued a Self Recognition b Concrete Operations c Formal Operational II Kohlberg s Moral Development Theory i Pre Conventional ii Conventional iii Post Conventional b Heinz Dilemma Outline of Current Lecture I Erickson s Theories a Trust Mistrust b Autonomy versus Shame and Guilt c Initiative versus Guilt d Industry versus Inferiority e Identity versus Role Confusion f Intimacy versus Isolation g Generality versus Stagnation h Integrity versus Despair II Nervous System a Biological Psychology and Genetics i Neurons incredibly awesome cells send thousands upon thousands of signals per cell per second III Action Potentials IV Self Propagation V Communication between Neurons i EPSP excitatory postsynaptic potential potential in closer to threshold and more likely to fire ii IPSP inhibitory postsynaptic potential potential in more likely to fire because it is farther away from threshold Current Lecture I Erickson s Theories a Trust Mistrust i Extremely fundamental the infant is trying to determine whether the world is full of good trustworthy people or people who are not to be trusted b Autonomy versus Shame and Guilt i Children feel like they can independently explore the world or like a worthless piece of crap c Initiative versus Guilt i Maybe around ages 3 or 4 children start to feel a slight sense of importance like they are helpful and responsible also start to develop guilty feelings for misdeeds d Industry versus Inferiority i 7 to 12 years kids either start to work well with others or not Confidence relative to others starts to emerge kids start to realize that they are better at some stuff than others e Identity versus Role Confusion i Who are you What are your goals What do you stand for Some college kids may well still be in this stage 13 to 19 years of age f Intimacy versus Isolation i Serious long term intimate relationships where you and another person feel like you are in something together something concrete that will last High school sweethearts can be very rare because this starts in the late teens and more often the early twenties g Generality versus Stagnation i Midlife what is your lasting legacy on this world Did you make an impact What are you going to leave behind h Integrity versus Despair i Old age did you leave a lasting legacy or was your life a waste II Nervous System a Biological Psychology and Genetics i Glial Cells glue support guide and cement neurons into place guide growth and maintain a stable chemical environment for the brain and for the body ii Neurons incredibly awesome cells send thousands upon thousands of signals per cell per second 1 Dendrites detect signals from axons of other neurons 2 Axons send signals away from neurons to other cells 3 Synapses medium of communication this is the thin space between neurons and cells 4 Myelin Sheath insulation across neurons III Action Potentials a When these are at rest the neuron is polarized b Can create a change depending on the environment c Outside there is a slight positive charge and outside there is a slight negative charge i Membrane is selectively permeable 1 Some things get in and some things do not 2 If a neuron gets de polarized enough it reaches threshold allowing the neuron to fire IV Self Propagation a No additional energy necessary b Once it starts it does not stop c Very very very FAST d Refractory or rest period V Communication between Neurons a Microscopic space synapse b Signals occur across synapses c Other cells speaking to your cells d Neurotransmitters chemicals are released from vesicles to carry signals from pre synapses to post synapses i EPSP excitatory postsynaptic potential potential in closer to threshold and more likely to fire ii IPSP inhibitory postsynaptic potential potential in more likely to fire because it is farther away from threshold
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