PSYC 107 1st Edition Lecture 26 Personality Theories and Traits Outline of Last Lecture I Emotional and Behavioral Theories a Drive reduction theory b Arousal theory i People are motivated to behave in ways to maintain their optimal level of arousal c Incentive Theory i People act to attain positive incentives and to avoid negative ones d Goal Setting Theory i People strive to attain goals II Hunger a General state of wanting to eat i Satiety b Sensory specific satiety Outline of Current Lecture I Personality II III IV V VI VII i Projective measures ii Objective Measures Trait approach iii Personality is the combination of stable dispositional tendencies to act in particular ways over time and across situations Personality Theories a Big Five Theory 1 Openness to experience 2 Conscientiousness 3 Extraversion 4 Agreeableness 5 Neuroticism ii Personalities are relatively stable over time yet they do change Situationism and Interactionism Person situation debate Social Cognitive Approach Rotter s Expectancy Theory i Internal ii External Bandura Lecture 26 Notes I Personality a Unique pattern of characteristic thoughts emotional responses and behaviors that are relatively enduring in a person over time and across circumstances i Projective measures 1 People tell stories about ambiguous items and these stories are judged for motives unconscious conflicts desires etc ii Objective Measures 1 Straightforward assessments of personality whereby people are directly asked about their personality or the personality of the person of interest b Trait approach i Personality is the combination of stable dispositional tendencies to act in particular ways over time and across situations 1 Traits vs types a Types i Try to classify people into distinct groups b Traits i People have the same characteristics in different amounts or at different levels II Personality Theories a Big Five Theory i Five factor model 1 Openness to experience a How willing you are to try new things b Opposite closemindedness 2 Conscientiousness a Reliable and dependable b Opposite flaky 3 Extraversion a Opposite introversion 4 Agreeableness a How important group harmony is b Opposite don t really care if they like you they like you if they don t they don t 5 Neuroticism a Emotional instability b Opposite highly stable i Mnemonic OCEAN ii Personalities are relatively stable over time yet they do change 1 Rank order of personality is particularly stable over time III IV V VI VII a But generally people s personalities do change as they age i Less neurotic extraverted and open to new experiences ii More agreeable and conscientious Situationism and Interactionism a Situationism i Name to know Mischel ii Behavior is determined more by situations than by personality b Interactionism i Behavior is determined by situations and by personality Person situation debate a Strong situations vs weak situations i Trait factors 1 Centrality 2 Aggregation 3 Type Social Cognitive Approach a Individual characteristics are acquired through learning b Much of personality is learned in social situations by interacting with and observing others Rotter s Expectancy Theory a We learn what to expect in a variety of situations and this guides our behavior b Locus of control i Internal if we do the effort it will pay off ii External luck and fate have more control over our lives not taking control of our own lives Bandura a Cognition behavior and environment all play a role in shaping our personality
View Full Document
Unlocking...