PSYC 107 1st Edition Lecture 18 Rehearsal and Heuristics Outline of Last Lecture I Long Term Memory a What we usually think of as memory b Categories 1 Formal artificial 2 Natural no fixed features in mind fluid categories c Prototype i Personal best example of a category most typical and familiar type of memory d Schemas i Patterns of knowledge that help us organize information put our categories together 1 Script specific schema for how certain events should unfold II Basic Process of Memory III Memory and the brain i Hippocampus ii Amygdala iii Cerebellum IV Forgetting Outline of Current Lecture I Interference a Retroactive b Proactive II Memory i Maintenance rehearsal ii Elaborate rehearsal III Heuristics a This is the rule of thumb i It is a shortcut that the brain uses 1 Anchoring 2 Representativeness 3 Availability Lecture 18 Notes I Interference a The storage or retrieval impaired by the presence of some other information b Retroactive i Something new that you learn that blocks the old information that you know c Proactive i This form blocks the learning of new information because of the old information ii Study tips based on memory research 1 Levels of processing model II Memory a The most important thing that determines memory is how extensively the information is processed and encoded when it is first received i Maintenance rehearsal 1 Reading or copying such information ii Elaborate rehearsal 1 Applying this information to a real problem or situation a Spacing effect breaking up study periods is more effective b Massed practice This occurs when one has been studying for one thing for incredibly long periods of time essentially this is cramming i Ineffective c Distributed practice i Far more effective this is the breaking up of studying into intervals III Heuristics a This is the rule of thumb i It is a shortcut that the brain uses 1 Anchoring a This is when we tend to think that we are right Bad news does not convince us that we are wrong 2 Representativeness a Focusing on the description of something or someone instead of numbers and or statistics 3 Availability a We judge the likelihood of an event based on how easy the event comes to mind
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