PSYC 107 1st Edition Lecture #18 – Rehearsal and Heuristics Outline of Last Lecture I. Long Term Memorya. What we usually think of as memoryb. Categories1. Formal – artificial2. Natural – no fixed features in mind, fluid categoriesc. Prototypei. Personal best example of a category, most typical and familiar type of memory. d. Schemasi. Patterns of knowledge that help us organize information, put our categories together. 1. Script – specific schema for how certain events should unfold. II. Basic Process of MemoryIII. Memory and the braini. Hippocampus ii. Amygdala iii. Cerebellum IV. ForgettingOutline of Current LectureI. Interferencea. Retroactiveb. Proactive II. Memoryi. Maintenance rehearsal ii. Elaborate rehearsalIII. Heuristicsa. This is the rule of thumbi. It is a shortcut that the brain uses 1. Anchoring2. Representativeness3. AvailabilityLecture 18 NotesI. Interferencea. The storage or retrieval impaired by the presence of some other information. b. Retroactivei. Something new that you learn that blocks the old information thatyou know. c. Proactive i. This form blocks the learning of new information because of the old information.ii. Study tips based on memory research1. Levels of processing modelII. Memorya. The most important thing that determines memory is how extensively the information is processed and encoded when it is first received. i. Maintenance rehearsal 1. Reading or copying such informationii. Elaborate rehearsal1. Applying this information to a real problem or situationa. Spacing effect: breaking up study periods is moreeffectiveb. Massed practice: This occurs when one has been studying for one thing for incredibly long periodsof time, essentially this is cramming. i. Ineffectivec. Distributed practice: i. Far more effective, this is the breaking up of studying into intervals. III. Heuristicsa. This is the rule of thumbi. It is a shortcut that the brain uses 1. Anchoringa. This is when we tend to think that we are right. Bad news does not convince us that we are wrong. 2. Representativenessa. Focusing on the description of something or someone instead of numbers and or statistics. 3. Availabilitya. We judge the likelihood of an event based on howeasy the event comes to
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