PSYC 107 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I. Recapa. NeurotransmittersII. Integration of Neural SignalsIII. Nervous Systema. Peripheral Nervous System1. Parasympathetic 2. Sympathetic b. Central Nervous Systemi. Brain and the Spinal Cordc. Lateralizationi. Includes the idea of the left-brain and the right brain. Outline of Current LectureI. Brain Anatomya. Corpus Colossumi. Allows communication between the left and right sides of the brain. b. Homunculusc. Major brain Structuresi. Brain stem, cerebrum, cerebellum, limbic system, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus. d. Cerebral Cortexi. Frontal Lobe ii. Temporal Lobeiii. Parietal Lobeiv. Occipital Lobe e. Neuroplasticity and Critical Periods1. Plasticity is not permanent, some changes cannot happen later in life. f. Heredity – this is passed from parents to the offspringg. Heritability – extent to which variation in a population is due to genetics. i. Nature vs. nurtureCurrent LectureII. Brain Anatomya. Corpus Colossumi. Allows communication between the left and right sides of the brain. b. Homunculusi. Little man, brain regions arranged in such a manner that kind of mimics the body, the part of the brain that controls the foot is near the part of the brain that controls the knee. 1. Brain represents sensitivity vs. size (fingertips). 2. Much more space is devoted to face and fingers because that is where such sensitivity comes from. c. Major brain Structuresi. Brain stem – controls basic functions, such as heart rate and breathing, we are dead without this. ii. Cerebellum – controls voluntary movement, integrates the 2 sides of the brain, voluntary motion.iii. Cerebrum – controls all sorts of stuff but mainly thinking and sensitivity behavior.iv. Limbic System – in charge of emotion and memory and emotional memory. v. Hypothalamus – 3F’s, food fluids and sex (LOL). vi. Amygdala – fear and aggressionvii. Hippocampus – storage and long term memory consolidationd. Cerebral Cortexi. Frontal Lobe – thinking planning and judgment, there is one on each side. ii. Temporal Lobe – hearing and language.iii. Parietal Lobe – touch.iv. Occipital Lobe – visual information.e. Neuroplasticity and Critical Periodsi. Always learning so we are still always somewhat plastic. ii. Changes in the brainiii. Connectivity among brain cellsiv. There are periods where if you don’t learn something you never will. 1. Plasticity is not permanent, some changes cannot happen later in life. a. Radical Hemispherectomy – removing half of the brain at an early age can lead to almost perfectly normal function in the child. f. Heredity – this is passed from parents to the offspringg. Heritability – extent to which variation in a population is due to genetics. i. Nature vs. nurtureii. How much does genetic influence experience?1. Color blindness (sex linked trait). a. Males (XY) exhibit, Females (XX)
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