ARHI 2300 1st Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture I. Lindisfarne GospelsOutline of Current Lecture I. Dome of the Rock, Early Islamic, 687 - 692 CEII. Great Mosque at Cordoba, Islamic, 8th – 10th century CECurrent LectureI. Dome of the Rock, Early Islamic, 687 - 692 CEa. History: i. Islam spread throughout Africa, Europe, and Asiaii. In 610 CE, an angel appears to al-Amin in Mecca and reveals the word of God, or Allah, to him. Al-Amin is instructed to recite these revelations to the people, and becomes known as Muhammad. He establishes Islam. iii. Islam- “submission to Allah”iv. “Muslims= those who submit to Allah”1. Stresses a direct relationship through prayer. Prayer becomes the cornerstone of the religionv. In 622 Muhammad and his followers were forced to flee to Medina. The first mosque is built therevi. In 630 Muhammad returns to Mecca with 10,000 soldiers and captures Mecca for Islam, and the city becomes the spiritual center of Islam.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.vii. In 632 Muhammad dies, his words are recorded by his followers in the Koran which becomes the moral guide for Muslimsviii. 5 Pillars of Wisdom:1. There is only one God2. Pray to God 5 times a day, and face Mecca while praying3. Look after others4. Fast during Ramadan to remind yourself of those that are less fortunate than you5. You should attempt to make a pilgrimage to Mecca once during your lifeix. Caliphs- secular and religious leadersx. The first group of caliphs form the Umayyad dynasty. This dynasty of caliphs built some of the earliest Islamic structuresb. Dome of the Rock is called Haram Al-Sharif- “noble sanctuary”i. in Jerusalem c. Octagonal- enforces the idea that there are 8 gardens in paradise/heaven d. The dome was supposed to be the 9th paradise, aka the throne of Allahe. Most mosaics follow a flower motif to give you the idea of being in a garden/paradisei. No representation of human beings- believed that they would distract thepeople from praying 1. There are no pictures of Allah’s lifef. Site of Muhammad’s Night Journey (in 621)- during the night, Muhammad rode ahorse from Mecca to Jerusalem. He was standing on a rock when he was sent to heaven and received instructions on how Muslims are to pray. He then returned to Mecca and taught what he had learned.g. For Jews and Christians, this is the location of the Temple of Solomon, which was destroyed. It used to be one of the most sacred sites. This is also the location of the sacrifice of Abraham. h. There is a lot of borrowing between Islam and Christian artII. Great Mosque at Cordoba, Islamic, 8th – 10th century CEa. Creates an architectural styles that lets people come together to prayb. Site of a 6th century Christian churchi. In 13th century, the Christian Church was rebuiltc. Bell tower/minaret- bell is rung to call people to pray d. Courtyard- in the Islamic faith, you have to wash before you can go in to pray. There are fountains around this area, and there are gardens to remind yourself ofthe paradise that awaits youe. Prayer Hall- double tiered arches combined with the alternating colors on the voussoirs characteristic of Islamic architecture f. Qiblah- wall that is decorated so that you can tell it is facing toward Meccag. Mihrab- where the prayer leader is located (calls out the prayers so everyone canpray together). Also helps you locate Mecca.h. Original mihrab maqsura (reserved for the caliph, al-Hakam II)i. 2nd Mihrab- has a dome over it to echo and amplify the voice of the prayer
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