ARHI 2300 1st EditionExam #4 Study Guide Lectures: 29-38I. Art History Final Exama. Friday, Dec. 6th, 12 noon-1pm b. 6 slide IDs; 3 points each (18 points)c. 18 MC/true or false/fill in the blank/short answer; 3 points each d. For the essay: You will identify the image and discuss the art object in relation to the Renaissance, both in terms of subject matter and formal propertiesi. The image will be from this section of the course: Ghent Altarpiece through the Last Judgment, Madonna with the Long Neck, and Hunters in the SnowII. Renaissance, 15th-16th centurya. Interest in classical Greek and Roman artb. In the visual arts  move to greater naturalism in depiction of human form (chiaroscuro), human form in space (linear perspective), rational/ordered space (symmetry and balance), and interest in depicting human emotions, providing psychological insightc. Interest in classical Greek and Roman literature, poetry, and philosophy d. Humanism: an intellectual movement that hinged on the belief in the glory and greatness of humanity. Scholarship with an emphasis on knowledge as a means to improve the human condition. There is an emphasis on civic duty during this period; self-sacrifice for the common good. There is also a concurrent increased interest in the individuale. Religion remained an important factor during the Renaissance (Neo-Platonism)i. How will you interpret religion? Catholic or Protestant? f. Church has to justify its interest in Greeks/Romansi. Neo-Platonism: Plato believed in higher powerii. Church said that is was the Christian Godiii. 1400 printing press inventedg. In the visual arts  first “scholarly” book on artists: Giorgio Vasari’s The Lives of Painters, Sculptors, and Architects (1550)i. Elevate the importance of the visual artist in societyii. Breaks the Renaissance down into parts1. Early Renaissance2. Renaissance (Masaccio) 3. High Renaissance (Michelangelo- best artist ever)4. Today we also say the late Renaissance III. Ghent Altarpiece, Jan van Eyck, Northern Renaissance, 1432a. Located in a private chapel in St. Bavo Cathedral in Ghent, Belgiumb. Patron: Jodocus Vijdc. Medium: Oil on Wood Panel (develops in Europe; wet fresco was not as popular becauseof wet climate)d. 11 ft x 7 ft (closed), 11 ft x 15 feet (open_ e. Triptych of polyptych (lots of different panels) f. All the saints are depicted with city of Ghent in the backgroundi. Scene from Revelationsg. God is surrounded by the Virgin Mary and John the Baptisth. Adam and Eve to remind of sin of humanityi. See trinity (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) along the central axisj. Virtues:i. Left corner- knights and judges (shows fortitude and justice)ii. Right corner- pilgrims and Hermits (show prudence and temperance)k. Linear perspectivei. Compare to The Trinity ii. Donor portraits on both iii. Differences: Medium1. Trinity: fresco2. Altarpiece: oil paintingIV. The Fall of Man (Adam and Eve), Albrecht Durer, Northern Renaissance, 1504, copper platea. Emergence of printmaking during the Renaissancei. Invention of the printing press in 1440b. Artists could make multiple imagesi. Secondary income based on selling their prints ii. Don’t need a commission1. Can develop your own ideas2. But need to have an idea of what will sell c. Four Humors: initially developed by the ancient Greek Hippocrates (relate back to the original sin)i. Black bile depression, melancholy (elk)ii. Yellow bile  excessive pride or irritability, aggression and cruelty (cat)iii. Phlegm  lazy (ox)iv. Blood  lust (Rabbit)V. Leonardo da Vinci, Italian High Renaissance, oil on wood panela. He was interested in botany, and would go outside to study nature (which was unusual) b. Madonna of the Rocks, ca. 1483i. Orthogonal ii. Use of sfumato: general overall haziness or smokinessc. Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci, Italian High Renaissance, ca. 1503-1505i. Breaking from original Renaissance portraits 1. Usually elaborate, show off wealth of husband or father ii. Very simple black clothing 1. All our though is on her 2. Landscape draws attention to her faceiii. Leonardo liked to create puns1. Lisa del Gioconda  Mona Lisa “My Lady Lisa”a. The wife of Francesco del Gioconda 2. Gioconda  joke, something funnya. Suggests she is lightheartedb. Maybe why she smilesiv. He uses chiaroscuro, but also creates haziness/softer edgesVI. Medici Familya. Michelangelo’s father did not want him to become an artist (they were considered manual laborors)i. When Michelangelo was 14, he ran away from homeb. He was recommended for an art school that Lorenzo de’ Medici (“Lorenzo the Magnificent”) was buildingc. The Medici family was a wealthy, powerful familyi. Michelangelo moved in with Lorenzo’s family d. Florence became split between the followers of the Medici family and the followers of the Savonarola family, who were strict Christiansi. Savonarola condemned any art that did not depict Christian subject matter, so his followers destroyed a lot of art and jewelry (Bonfire of the Vanities) e. Savonarola took control of Florence, and Michelangelo fled i. The church eventually condemns Savonarola (he is tried for heresy and executed) f. Florence was a republic i. The Medici family is not welcomed back, but artists like Michelangelo areVII. David, Michelangelo, Italian High Renaissance, Marble, 1501-1504a. Commission from the Florence City council for the Duomo (Florence Cathedral) b. Story of David and Goliath was popularc. Michelangelo depicted him in a new way i. Usually young boy with a sword/weapon and the head of the giant at his feetii. Michelangelo shows David as a young adult, very muscular1. He holds a slingshot, but it is the moment before the battle 2. Create sense of anticipation 3. David’s eyebrows are furrowed; look of concentration on his face a. Tension in body, a little fear d. Contrapposto posee. Proportions are a little offi. How the statue will look when placed up high and viewed from below f. Statue moved to right in front of the Florence City Hall (Palazzo della Signoria) i. When you change the context, you change the meaning1. When on the Cathedral, it was all about religious context 2. When it was outside a government building, it represented the city of Florence a. Florence has survived a lot, but it is standing strongb. Represent civic pride and triumph of the little guy VIII. Pope Julius II (Giuliano Della Rovere) a. Della Rovere= of the oaks b. Chose the name Julius to evoke the idea of