ARHI 2300 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. Pompey the Great, Roman Republican, 50 BCEII. Augustus PrimaportaOutline of Current Lecture I. Arch of Titus, Roman Imperial, ca. 81 CEII. Spoils of Jerusalem, relief from the Arch of Titus, Roman Imperial ca.81 CEIII. Triumph of Titus, relief from the Arch of Titus, Roman Imperial, ca. 81 CECurrent LectureI. Arch of Titusa. Is meant to symbolize victory/triumphb. Romans combined the arch with pozzolana (Roman concrete) to create new architectural formsi. The Arch of Titus is 50 feet high, pozzolana faced with marbleii. This is a triumphal arch located on the Via Sacra.c. The Flavians: Vespasian, Titus, Domitiani. The Romans were good at conquering territories and maintaining control;there were lenient (let conquered territories speak their own language, follow religion, etc.)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Would build roads and improve tradeii. However, conquered territories had to pay taxes and once a year make offerings to the Roman gods1. This went against Jew’s and Christian’s beliefs, but they made offerings out of respect2. In 70 CE, a Jewish temple was defaced while Roman soldiers stoodby3. Jews were upset (they expected protection) and rose up against the Romansiii. The Arch of Titus was built to commemorate Titus’s role in putting down the Jewish uprising in Jerusalem in 70 ce. Vespasian was emperor at that time and Titus accompanied him on this military campaign. iv. Emperor Titus died in 81 CE, Domitian his brother became emperor, and Domitian asked the Roman Senate to erect the permanent triumphal archfor Titus. d. After Titus returned, there was a triumphal processioni. Triumphal processions celebrate victoryii. There was free food and wine, and everybody would come oute. After the procession, the New Flavians wanted to show that they would still follow Roman traditions, and they decided to make the arch to commemorate Titusf. Keystone: Roma, patron goddess of Romei. Spandrels: Nike--Victory, Roman goddess of victoryg. Continuous Frieze: Depiction of the original triumphal procession given both Vespasian and Titush. Engaged column/pilasters w/composite capitalsi. Ionic combined with Corinthian i. Inscription- “The Senate and the Roman people to the deified Titus Flavius Vespasian Augustus son of the defiled Vespasian”- (Titus was made a god upon his death, and the Senate approved)j. Coffersk. Apotheosis- when a human being becomes a godi. Titus is borne on wings of eagle up into heaven; becomes god (transition from man to divine)l. The arch becomes associated with the idea of triumph in Western world (seen in athletic stadiums, etc.)II. Spoils of Jerusalema. 6ft 8 in high x 15 feet longb. Part of the triumphal procession; Titus’ troops are carrying spoils after they put down the Jewish rebellionc. They wanted to show that they had conquered another people by carrying sacred objects away d. Sense of depth; very high reliefe. Atmospheric perspective (usually seen in paintings)- mixed high relief with low relief i. things closer to you are clearer; things farther away are notIII. Triumph of Titusa. Roman officials carry fasces (a bundle of sticks; alone, they can be broken, but together, they are undefeatable. Symbolizes Rome)b. Nike- god of Victory, behind Titusc. Honos, below Titus, to his side- god of honord. Virtus, leading the horses- god of valore. Mixture of deities and humansi. Titus has the gods on his side and is in
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