ARHI 2300 1st EditionExam # 3 Study Guide Lectures: 19-28Works of Art -For I.D.s, be able to look at the picture and know the title, culture, artist and date1. Dome of the Rock, Early Islamic, 687-692 CE Dome of the Rock is called Haram Al-Sharif- “noble sanctuary”. It is in Jerusalem and octagonal,which reinforces the idea that there are 8 gardens in paradise/heaven. The dome was supposedto be the 9th paradise, aka the throne of Allah.2. Great Mosque at Córdoba, Islamic, 8th – 10th century CE, exterior and plan A bell is rung to call people to pray. There is a courtyard so you can wash before you can go in topray. 3. Hildesheim Bronze Doors, Bishop Bernward, Ottonian, 1015 CE4. Saint Sernin, Romanesque, ca. 1070-1120 CE, exterior, interior and plan St. Sernin is an important pilgrimage church, and it is made of stone so it won’t burn down. Apilgrimage church has radiating chapels and an ambulatory in the apse.5. Notre Dame de Chartres, Gothic, 1145-1155, rebuilt after 1194 CE, exterior It is a Bishop’s church (why it is called a cathedral) and a pilgrimage church, and a monument tocommunity spirit. The robe of the Virgin Mary is an important relic that is kept here. 6. Royal Portal from the Notre Dame de Chartres, interior and planIt is a continuous narrative that shows the ascension, the Last Judgment, and the life of theVirgin Mary. The Virgin Portal shows the life of Mary and the family tree of Jesse. Over theAscension portal is the passion cycle- all the events that led up to the crucifixion.7. Nativity Panel, from Pisa Pulpit, Nicola Pisano, Late Gothic/Early Italian Renaissance, 1259-1260 The patron was the archbishop of Pisa. It is a high relief carving and a continuous narrative.8. Giotto and the Arena Chapel, Late Gothic/Early Italian Renaissance, 1305-1306It was a private family chapel done in buon fresco. The patrons was Enrico Scrovegni. EnricoScrovegni’s father was an usurer (he charged interest on money that he lent, which wasconsidered immoral), so Enrico build the chapel to try to prove that his family was good.8. Expulsion of Joachim, from the Arena Chapel, Giotto, Late Gothic/Early Italian Renaissance,ca. 1305In the picture, Joachim has brought a lamb to offer as a sacrifice (allusion to Jesus); his sacrificeis not good enough, and he is forced to leave. Theme of rejection.9. Nativity from the Arena Chapel, Giotto, Late Gothic/Early Italian Renaissance, ca. 1305 Intuitive perspective; implicates the viewer (you are standing similarly to the figure with its backto the audience). Here, we see a bond being formed between Mary and Jesus. 10. Lamentation from the Arena Chapel, Giotto, Late Gothic/Early Italian Renaissance, ca. 1305We see the same angels as before; there is a theme of human grief/loss. 11. Sacrifice of Isaac, Brunelleschi, competition panel, Italian Renaissance, 1401-0212. Sacrifice of Isaac, Ghiberti, competition panel, Italian Renaissance, 1401-0213. The Temptation, from the Brancacci Chapel, Masolino, Italian Renaissance, ca. 1424-27 Shows original sin (reason for the coming of the Christ)14. Expulsion of Adam and Eve, from the Brancacci Chapel, Masaccio, Italian Renaissance, ca.1424-27 Shows the expulsion from the garden of Eden; in buon fresco.15. Holy Trinity, Masaccio, Italian Renaissance, ca. 1424-27Skeleton with inscription: “I was once what you are, and what I am you will become”(Confrontsyou with human mortality.) Donor portraits: Lenzi and Lenzi’s wife. Uses linear perspective.16. Great Stupa at Sanchi, Buddhist India, 3rd BCE – 1st Century CE h. The Great Stupa at Sanchi is a pilgrimage site; stupa means “to accumulate or gathertogether”. It is packed solid earth, so you cannot go inside it, but people walk around it toreflect on the teachings of Buddha. The torana (4 gates) are oriented to N/S/E/W; symbolic ofplacing the structure in line with the universe. 17. Travelers Among Mountains and Streams, artist: Fan Kuan, Northern Song, China, early 11thcenturyShifting perspective keeps our eye moving through the image. Neo-Confucianism influenceshows insignificance of humanity.18. Ife King, Nigeria, 11th – 12th century The king has an unusually large head, because the head is believed to be the seat of humanwisdom (king is wiser than everybody). The beaded rod is only held in special ceremonies.19. Beta Giorghis (Church of St. George), Ethiopia, ca. 1220 CEThe king wanted to create a new Jerusalem in Africa (a sanctuary for Christians), so he created asystem of 11 underground churches. It is a reductive sculpture (carved out of the rock); theground here is tufa (limestone).Definitions1. Islam- “submission to Allah”2. Muslims= “those who submit to Allah”a. Islam stresses a direct relationship through prayer. Prayer becomes the cornerstone of the religion.3. Caliphs- secular and religious leaders4. Qiblah- wall that is decorated so that you can tell it is facing toward Mecca5. Mihrab- where the prayer leader is located (calls out the prayers so everyone can pray together). Also helps you locate Mecca.6. Original mihrab  maqsura (reserved for the caliph, al-Hakam II)7. Reliquary- container for holy relics8. Chevet- has ambulatory going around the alter and radiating chapels. This is how youknow that a church is a pilgrimage church9. Indulgences- supposed to help you get into heaven after you die10. Continuous narrative- a person appears more than one in the same scene11. Guilds- create professional standard for artists12. Patrons- churches, guilds, or wealthy families13. Renaissance- characterized rebirth of interest in the arts and a more natural representation of the human form 14. Theophany- story that proves the divinity of a figure15. Giornate- amount of fresco an artist can do on one day 16. Goals/characteristics of Renaissance art:a. Naturalistic representation of human form/objectsb. Naturalistic representation of human form/objects in spacec. Rational/ordered space, i.e. balanced, symmetricald. Psychological insight (how people respond to certain situations)17. Suspension of disbelief- transported out of yourself, through time and space, into themoment 18. Chiaroscuro- move from lighter tonalities to darker tonalities to model form19. Linear perspective- helps locate forms in space; discovered by Brunellesci20. Vanishing point- established anywhere on the horizon line. In The Holy Trinity, it is in the dead center (symmetrical composition) 21.