ARHI 2300 1st Edition Lecture 27Outline of Last Lecture I. The Temptation and The ExpulsionII. Raising of the Son of TheophilusIII. The Holy TrinityOutline of Current LectureI. Great Stupa at Sanchi, Buddhist India, 3rd c. BCE – 1st c. CEII. Travelers Amid Mountains and Streams, Artist: Fan Kuan, Northern Song Dynasty, China, 11th century Current LectureI. Great Stupa at Sanchi, Buddhist India, 3rd c. BCE – 1st c. CEa. Buddhism spreads from India to China, where it is combined with philosophical beliefsb. Buddha: Prince Siddhartha Guatama (563 BCE – 483 BCE)i. His father, the king, wanted Siddhartha to become a great political leader and confined him inside the palaceii. When Siddhartha was in his late 20s, he ran away from home and encountered sickness, poverty, etc. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. He spent about 6 years fasting and meditating, trying to figure out why people sufferediv. He becomes known as Buddha, “the awakened one”, after he had a revelationv. He came to these discoveries himself, through personal meditationvi. Buddhism is a system of personal responsibility; it is up to you to change your lifevii. He thought that suffering occurred because of desirec. Nirvana- ultimate state of existence; in complete harmony with the universe. we can’t reach it in physical world. We have to go through many lives/rebirths and learn many lessons before we can reach Nirvanai. Reincarnation and karma are central d. Turning of the Wheel of the Law- a sermon that the Buddha preached i. Wheel ancient sun sign = enlightenmentii. Wheel is representative of cycle of birth, life, death, rebirth e. 4 Noble Truthsi. To exist is to sufferii. The cause of suffering is desire and ignoranceiii. One can eliminate desire and ignoranceiv. The way to eliminate desire and ignorance is to follow the 8 fold pathf. 8 fold pathi. Right view, right intention, right action, right speech, right livelihood, righteffort, right mindfulness, right concentration g. Buddha was not thought of as a god; just a great thinker. People could adopt Buddhism and still follow their own religion. h. The Great Stupa at Sanchi is a pilgrimage sitei. Stupa means “to accumulate or gather together” j. The structure itself represents the world mountaink. Medium: solid packed earth, faced with brick, originally painted white i. 54 feet highl. Located near the center of India; everyone was welcomem. Relics are buried inside n. You make the pilgrimage to confirm your beliefs but also reflect on the beliefs of Buddhao. Surrounded by torana (4 gates)i. Oriented to N/S/E/W; symbolic of placing the structure in line with the universe. Also symbolic of the inclusive, welcoming nature of Buddhism. ii. Circumambulation: walk in a clockwise direction 1. Do it three times2. The gates have scenes from the life of Buddha p. Cannot reach the top of the stupaq. Fence on top: the harmika (symbolizes nirvana, where the gods are located)r. Yasti- Axis Mundi: connects spiritual realm to the earthly realms. Chattra: stone discs atop the yasti, offer protection on your spiritual journey t. 3 stages of reincarnation: birth, death, rebirth u. The stupa makes Buddhists beliefs visibleII. Travelers Amid Mountains and Streams, Artist: Fan Kuan, Northern Song Dynasty, China, 11th century a. The primary religious belief system at this time is Neo-Confucianism (combination of three religions)b. Daoism: encouraged retreat from society in favor of personal cultivation in nature. Nature is a moral force.c. Confucianism: Encouraged an ordered society in which deference was given to age and rank- encouraged personal cultivation through self-knowledge of one’s place in society. Said you had to accept your place in society.d. Buddhism- About personal responsibility and rebirth.e. Hanging scroll “painting”i. Ink and colors on silkii. 6 ft 7 in x 3 ft 4 inf. Two types of scrolls- hand scroll or hanging scrollg. Typically, they were rolled up and put aside; you only took it out when you had time to reflect on it h. Foreground- rocky outcropping i. Midground- waterfall, stream, path with travelers on itj. Works with Confucianism and knowing your place in the world (humanity is insignificant)k. Keep moving forward without worrying about what’s ahead (fog)l. Background has your attention; bigger picture is always there m. Shifting perspective- keeps our eye moving through the imagen. The whole is
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