ARHI 2300 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. Relevant Roman HistoryII. Arch of ConstantineIII. Portrait of Constantine Outline of Current Lecture I. Old Saint Peter’sII. Sarcophagus of Junius BassusCurrent LectureI. Old Saint Peter’s, Early Christian, ca. 319 CE (Rome, Italy)a. No longer existsb. Latin Cross Plan (forms a Christian cross) i. This is the site where St. Peter was believed to be buried ii. Peter was one of the first disciples to preach the message of Jesus. He was arrested, tried, and put to death for his beliefs.c. This church was huge; it was built to accommodate 4,000 people (to observe mass and pay respects)d. Old Saint Peter’s: Pre-Christian Roman Basilica: not religious (meeting hall and law court)i. Architects lengthened it to become a crosse. Atrium- courtyard area (leave secular world behind, prepare yourself for sacred place)f. Narthex- like the portoco (porch)g. Nave/central vessel- came through door and walked into naveh. Aisles- where people would sit or stand (flanking nave)i. Transept- area that was lengthened to become a crossj. Apse- where the mass took place (where the judge would have sat in a basilica)i. Mass is a reenactment of the last supper- priest blesses bread and wineThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.k. Transubstantiation- priest’s blessing transforms bread and wine into body and blood of Jesusl. Clear story windows let light into church m. Triumphal arch- triumph of Christianity; recognizable to Romans n. Baldicchino- half dome; marks where St. Peter was buried. i. Carving of Jesus looks like Constantine; seated, holding the new law, other hand upraised (handing out new law), taking the place of the judge o. An oculus is painted on the top, like Pantheon/Arch of Titus (aka apotheosis)i. connects heaven and earthii. this translates apotheosis into Christian religion (man becomes a god)II. Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, Early Christian, ca 359 CEa. Very elaborate coffinb. Junius Bassus was a Roman official (legal administrator)i. Converted from paganism to Christianity before he died, and he wanted the coffin to reflect his beliefsc. Marble carved in high reliefi. Scenes carved from the Old Testament and the New Testamentii. Ex. Christ enthroned, Christ seated, feet placed on top of Coelus (the Roman sky god) 1. Idea that he is in heaven/is in dominance over the ancient Roman godsd. Scene of Jesus’ triumphal entry into Jerusalem i. riding a humble donkey; appeals to common/everyday peoplee. Scene: Adam and Eve i. reason why God had to send his son; creating consistent philosophical systemf. Sacrifice of Isaac by Abraham: as a test of faith, Abraham had to sacrifice his only son. An angel appears and stops Abraham; tells him to sacrifice a lamb insteadi. Precursor to God sending his son, who is killed g. Visual images link Old and New Testament, and make Romans
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