ARHI 2300 1st Edition Lecture 28Outline of Last Lecture I. Great Stupa at Sanchi, Buddhist India, 3rd c. BCE – 1st c. CEII. Travelers Amid Mountains and Streams, Artist: Fan Kuan, Northern Song Dynasty, China, 11th century Outline of Current LectureI. Ife King, Nigeria (Ife—Yoruba), 11th – 12th centuryII. Beta Giorghis (Church of St. George), Ethiopia (Lalibela---Zagwe dynasty), ca. 1220Current LectureI. Ife King, Nigeria (Ife—Yoruba), 11th – 12th centurya. Northern African was colonized by Romans; there is Roman and Greek influenceb. Nok culture: 500 BCE – 200 BCEa. Developed independently from most African culturesb. Very advanced (proficient in iron smelting and skilled in artistic production)c. Sculptures have d-shaped eyes, expression of surprised. Sculptures were probably decorated in some way, which suggests a ritualThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.e. Culture seems to disappear in 200 BCE (probably spread out and migratedcloser to coast and Ife; took artistic methods with them)c. Ife- well developed urban community and trade center by the 11th centurya. Known as the Navel of the World (site of creation)- where the gods came downd. King or Oni- very important to Yoruban culturea. Had special power given to them by the gods (seen as descendants from the gods) e. Sculpture is of an Ife Kinga. Probably isn’t a specific kingb. King has unusually large head, because head is believed to be the seat of human wisdom (king is wiser than everybody)c. Beaded rod is only held in special ceremoniesd. NaturalismII. Beta Giorghis (Church of St. George), Ethiopia (Lalibela---Zagwe dynasty), ca. 1220a. King wanted to create a new Jerusalem in Africa (a sanctuary for Christians)i. created a system of 11 underground churchesb. Is a reductive sculpture (carved out of the rock) i. Ground here is tufa (limestone) c. Church is shaped like a Greek cross d. Underground tunnels connect all of the churches e. Elaborate fresco paintings in interior with Byzantine
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