ARHI 2300 1nd EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 2 - 9Works of Art (August 14)-For I.D.s, be able to look at the picture and know the title, culture, date, medium, andapproximate size of the work of art, if applicable1. Woman of Willendorf AKA Venus of Willendorf, Paleolithic, ca. 28,000-25,000 BCE a. Medium: limestoneb. Approx. 4.25 inchesc.2. Hall of the Bulls at the Caves at Lascaux, Paleolithic, ca. 16,000-14,000 BCE a. Used cave waterb. Huge paintings on the ceilingc.3. War and Peace, Standard of Ur, Sumerian, ca. 2600-2400 BCE a.4. Bull-Headed Lyre, Sumerian, ca. 2600-2400 BCEa. Medium: wood, shell, lapis lazuli, and gold leaf (expensive material)b.5. Ur Ziggurat, 3rd Dynasty of Ur, Neo-Sumerian, ca. 2100 BCEa. Mud brick centerb.6. Hammurabi Law Code, Babylonian, ca. 1780 BCE a. Made of basaltb. 7 ft 4 inchesc.7. Lamassu, from Dur Sharrukin, Assyrian, ca. 720-705 BCE a. Limestoneb. 13 feet highc.8. Ishtar Gates, Neo-Babylonian, ca. 575 BCEa. Blue glass and gold leavesb.9. The Palette of King Narmer, Pre-Dynastic Egyptian, ca. 3000-2920 BCE a. 25 inches highb.10. Pyramids at Gizeh, Old Kingdom Egyptian, ca. 2551-2472 BCE a.11. Menkaure and Khamerernebty AKA Menkaure and Wife, Old Kingdom Egyptian, ca.2490 - 2472 BCE a. Medium: Graywackleb. 4 ft 6 ½ inches (life size for the time)c.12. Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and Three Daughters, Amarna Period Egyptian, ca. 1353-1335 BCEa.13. Lyre Player, Cycladic, ca. 2600-2300 BCE a. Marbleb. 9 inches highc.14. Palace at Knossos, Minoan, ca. 1700-1370 BCEa.15. Bull Leaping, from the Palace at Knossos, Minoan, ca. 1400-1370 BCE a. Buon frescob.16. Dipylon Krater, Geometric Greek, ca. 740 BCEa. Clayb. 3 ¼ inches highc.17. New York Kouros, Greek Archaic, ca. 600 BCE a. Marbleb. 6 ft highc.18. Doryphoros AKA The Spear Bearer, sculptor: Polykleitos, Greek Classical, Roman copy ofbronze statue of ca. 450-440 BCEa. Roman marble copy, one of 50, after Greek bronze originalb. 6 feet 11 inchesc.Important Definitions1. contour lines- contour is the line which defines a form or edge (this shows degree of sophistication)2. monochromatic- one color3. bichromatic- two colors4. polychromatic- many colors5. twisted perspective/composite view- part of figure is in profile while another part of same figure is shown frontally6. collocation- using surroundings to enhance the art (i.e. how the hunter-gatherers used the unevenness of rock to suggest the form of an animal on the cave wall)7. Hierarchy of Scale- leader is taller than everybody else8. Heraldic Composition- singular central figure flanked by two figures on either side that are mirror images of each other9. Reductive sculpture- making a sculpture from one solid piece of material10. Stele- used as grave markers to mark the site of something historic11. high relief- the modeled forms project from the background by at least half their depth (AKA you can see deep shadows)12. low relief- figures project slightly from the background13. compositon- how figures are arranged14. Serpo-pards- reinforce idea of unity (bound together)15. Mastaba- underground burial chamber16. Ka- the immortal spirit of a person; If a body was damaged, the ka needed a place to go17. Pyramid-tomb18. Ziggurat- platform for religious ceremonies 19. Necropolis- City of the Dead20. Closed form- the arms and legs are still attached to the block of stone21. Free standing sculpture- one that is unattached to a supporting unit or background22. Sculpture in the round- the figures are presented in complete three-dimensional form and are not attached to a flat background23. Sunken relief sculpture- deeply carved into the stone, but the figures don’t stand up and away from the base24. Buon fresco- wet plaster applied to wall, and paint applied to wet plaster. When the plaster dries, the paint binds to the wall. Painting very permanent, but the artist must work fast before the plaster dries25. Fresco Secco- Artist paints directly onto dry plaster. Artist can take his time, but paint eventually flakes of26. Symmetria: proportionality (everything measured out very precisely)27. Contrapposto- the disposition of the human figure in which one part is turned in opposition to another part, creating a counter positioning or counter balance of the body about its central axis28. Rhythmos- create a sense of movement, even in a subtle
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