Developmental Psychology 307 Socioemotional Development in Infancy 1 1 29 2008 What is emotion z 1 29 2008 Developmental Psychology Lecture 5 A state of physiological response to subjective feelings cognitions that necessitate action 2 1 Nature of Emotions Emotions are complex feelings z Stem from physiological and psychological arousal z in response to perceived or imagined stimuli z Emotions tell us something about temperament adjustment and sociability 1 29 2008 3 Primary Secondary Emotions Primary Emotions are instinctive adaptive responses to a given situation Fight or flight autonomic responses that may be evolutionary in origin Secondary Emotions are secondary reactions to primary emotions Can be learned through socialization 1 29 2008 Developmental Psychology Lecture 5 4 2 Primary Secondary Emotions Primary Love Joy Surprise Anger Sadness Secondary Fear Horror Nervousness Panic Affection Lust Longing Cheerfulness Zest Pleasure Amazement Astonishment Irritation Exasperation Rage Disappointment Suffering Shame 5 1 29 2008 Positive Negative Emotions z Positive 1 29 2008 Developmental Psychology Lecture 5 z Negative 6 3 Social Emotional Development Early social and emotional development as characterized by the dyadic relationship Typically this is the caregiver infant interaction This relationship is bi directional Ethological Theory Early social behaviors between infant and caregiver are the result of evolutionary processes Social bond developed because the human infant is relatively helpless at birth Relationship with primary caregiver Mom keeps her near and motivates her to provide proper care Developmental Psychology Lecture 5 4 Ethological Theory Infant promotes caregiving by its behaviors Making interactions pleasant Its appearance which we find cute Reduce distress when caregiver is attending Caregiver has innate sense of caregiving Reads infant s signals Knows how to react Can evaluate when one has been effective Results in ATTACHMENT Environmental Learning Theories Concerned with socialization Child s behavior is shaped to match society s roles and belief system Caregiver infant interaction is also believed to be bi directional Not due to evolution but to learning conditioning reinforcement Infant s vocalization and smiling can be shaped by reinforcement Developmental Psychology Lecture 5 5 Cognitive Developmental Theories Believe that infants and caregivers develop internal working models of the other Use these models to interpret each other s behaviors and predict them Vygotsky perspective Guided participation in the attainment of social skills Initially caregiver directs social learning then allows the child to lead Mutual Regulation Requires effective communication between caregiver and infant Crying Darwin believed that crying provided information to the mother about its condition Soon comes under the infants control In order to be communicative Different types of cries pain hunger etc Caregivers must be able to discriminate the cries Developmental Psychology Lecture 5 6 Emotions Caregivers can use infants affective expressions to gauge their underlying emotions They can then modulate their own behavior to affect infants emotions We learn which activities make an infant smile and which make them cry Emotions The social role of mother in infants emotional expressions is not limited to modeling Infants smile more while playing when mom is looking at them rather than looking away Communicating their pleasure when mom is attending them Developmental Psychology Lecture 5 7 Emotion In order for there to be an emotional interaction infants must be able to discriminate affective expressions 6 week olds do not seem to be able to discriminate facial expressions Young Browne et al 1977 tested 3mo olds discrimination Developmental Psychology Lecture 5 8
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