Joints Articulations Wednesday October 24 2012 12 12 PM Joint site where two or more bones meet based on structure function 3 Classes Function Synarthroses immovable joints Amphiarthroses slightly movable joints Diarthroses freely movable joints 3 Classes Structure Fibrous Joints Joint cavity absent bones united by fibrous dense regular CT in form of cord or sheet a Sutures only in bones of skull BABY skull formed by thick layers of dense regular CT allows for slight movement of skull as brain grows Function Amphiarthotic joints ADULT skull ossify to form a rigid vault protect developed brain Function Synarthotic Joints b Syndesmoses ligaments cords bands 1 Bones mited by cords Ligaments Function Synarthotic Joints 2 Bones united by sheet like fibrous membrane interosseous membrane Function Amphiarthotic Joints Interosseous membrane b t the radius ulna allows for pronation supination c Gomphoses peg in socket b t teeth bony sockets in mandible maxilla Short periodental ligaments cord like dense irregular CT that hold teeth inside sockets in the maxillae and in the mandible Function Synarthotic Joints In children Function Amphiarthotic Joints allow for teeth to come out be replaced Cartilaginous Joints Joint cavity absent bones united by cartilage a Synchondroses hyaline cartilage ex epiphyseal plates Function Synarthotic Joints b Symphyses fibrocartilage ex Pubic symphysis intervertebral discs Function Amphiarthotic Joints Fibrous Cartilaginous Joints Lack joint cavity space b t bones at site of joint Synovial Joints Joint cavity present joint capsule present bones united by ligaments All synovial Joints are Diarthrotic Joints Articular cartilage caps the ends of bones Articular capsule double layered of outerfibrous capsule Joint cavity space that contains synovial fluid Ligaments 3 types 1 Capsular Intrinsic Ligaments part of fibrous capsule 2 Extracapsular outside of articular capsule Intracapsular deep inside articular capsule 3 Menisci minimize wear tear discs of fibrocartilage Bursae reduce friction bags of synovial fluid Tendon Sheaths reduces friction wraps around tendon Know what they look like and what movements they allow a Plane Joint Flat articular surfaces allows gliding intercarpal joint b Hinge Joint Cylindrical Allows flexion extension elbow joint c Pivot Joint Rounded Allows for rotation Atlanto axial joint allows head to rotate NO d Condyloid Ellipsoid Joint Oval Allows flexion extension abduction adduction circumduction Atlanto occipital joint allows you to flex extend head to motion YES e Saddle Joint Concave convex Allows flexion extension adduction abduction circumduction Saddle joint only location in human body f Ball and socket Joint Spherical most freely movable all movements allowed Shoulder joint Flexion decrease angle of joint Extension increase angle of joint Hyperextension excessive extension beyond normal Abduction limb away from midline Adduction limb towards midline Circumduction limb as cone shaped movement Rotation turning of bone around its axis EXAM 2 Joints what they look like and what they allow CT highly vs poorly vascularized tissue Position location of cartilage to type of joint synthesis 3 types of muscle tissue compare contrast structure function Gap junctions Build of neuron axons dendrites axon terminals Neuromuscular junction skeletal muscle fibers Integumentary function of strata epidermal ridges finger printing epidermal dermal junction merkel discs act as touch receptors function of integumentary system what function brought on by what types of structures how long bone is organized process of ossification function compare the 2 types medullary cavity hormonal control growth hormones what is the purpose of bone remodeling Wolff s law
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