Exam 2 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ONLYAnatomy and Physiology 2O’BrienMultiple Choice:The following is TRUE regarding the cardiovascular system…a. The hear is responsible for pumping bloodb. Lymph nodes allow for circulation though out the entire body.c. Blood is used for deliveryd. A and Ce. All of the above Which part of the heart generates the most force?a. Rightb. Leftc. Apexd. Interventricular septumGas exchange occurs in the:a. lungsb. veinsc. arteriesd. capillariese. all of the abovef. none of the aboveOxidative phosphorylation is the process of…a. breathing in oxygen and bringing it to the muscles though bloodb. breathing in oxygen to generate ATPc. Knocking an oxygen off of a free radical. d. Oxidizing the blood The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system consisting of:a. coronary arteries which branch from the aorta to supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood. b. Cardiac veins to drain the myocardium of blood.c. Coronary sinus a large vein on the posterior aspect of the heart which receives blood from cardiac veins. d. None of the Abovee. All of the aboveBiggest to smallest blood vessels are:a. arteries, veins, capillary, venule, artericleb. veins, arteries, artricle, venule capillaryc. veins, arteries, venule, article, capillaryd. arteries, veins, venules, arterile, capillaryThe tunica Media:a. can alter its radiusb. is made of endothelial cellsc. is controlled by the sympathetic nervous systemd. can regulate arteriole pressure. e. All of the Abovef. A, D and D only. In pulmonary edema, what swells first?a. heartb. lungsc. capillaries d. liverThe conduction through the heart from beginning to end is:a. AV node, SA node, AV bundle, Bundle branches, Purjinke fibersb. SA node, AV node, Bundle branches, Purjinke Fibers, AV bundlec. SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Bundle Branches, Purjinke fibersd. Purjinke Fibers, SA Node, AV node, Bundle branches, AV bundle. All of the following are affects of factors on blood pressure EXCEPT:a. ANS adjustmentsb. Temperaturec. Reinind. Alcohole. Calcium intakef. All of the above are affects of factors on blood pressure. An increase in blood volume:a. increases pressureb. increases radius of vesselsc. can be due to fight or flightd. is managed by AHDe. All of the abovef. A, B and D onlyTrue False:_______ In cardiac muscle, cells divide after infancy. _______ The flow through the heart goes from veins, to ventricles, to atria, to arteries, to lungs. _______ Lymphatic fluid is under zero pressure._______ Arterioles have low resistance._______Lungs are the site of gas exchange between blood and tissue. _______Sleeping has the same gravity pull as when you are awake._______ Arteries don’t always have oxygenated blood._______ Systemic capillaries in tissues put CO2 out and O2 in. _______Blood in the heart chambers nourishes the myocardium_______blood empties into the right ventricle through the coronary sinus. _______ If all arteries are blocked you can use veins in a bypass surgery. _______ Cardiac muscle allows for blood flow through the veins. _______ Walls of capillaries are one endothelium cell layer thick. _______ The tunica media is made of smooth muscle and controlled by the autonomic nervous system. _______ The tunica media regulates venule pressure. _______The aorta leave from the right ventricle._______Under high pressure arteries can stretch because they have elasticity. _______most cells are within 3mm of a capillary. _______ Pores between squamous cells allow for free plasma to move though walls._______ Sphincters only contract and relax to local factors. _______Fat is metabolically active. _______ True capillaries are a site of oxygen and nutrients into the blood. _______ O2 opens precapillary sphincters _______Hypertension cannot rupture kidney walls. _______Veins cannot stretch._______ Veins generate more pressure then arteries. _______ Arteries have low compliance._______ bundle branches are located in the atrioventricular septum._______The AV node is the heart’s pacemaker. _______ The heart will not contract in presence of electricity. _______ There is a lot of K+ outside of the cell and a lot of Na+ inside the cell. _______ CaCl can cause death by lethal injection. _______ Na2+ has potential energy. _______ Repolarization is the return to resting membrane potential. _______Sodium channels cannot open without a stimulus. _______ Calcium is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum._______The left and right atrium contract one at a time. _______ ventricles fill with blood while atria contract. _______The QRS complex corresponds to atrial depolarization. _______ The Lub sound occurs at semilunar valves closing. _______Dub sounds occur at the begging of systole while Lub sounds occur at the beginning of diastole. _______ Heart Rate is determined by the AV node firing rate. _______In the Parasympathetic nervous system the vagus nerves use epinephrine to produce M2 to slow heart rate. _______Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released from the adrenal gland. _______The systemic circuit has les resistance then the pulmonary. _______Epinephrine and norepinephrine bind to alpha receptors to cause vasoconstriction at alpha receptors. _______Epinephrine has a greater affinity to Beta 2 receptors._______ Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped by each atria in one contraction to generate a heartbeat._______At rest, half of the bod volume is pumped through the blood._______The average pulse is 62-57 beats per minute at rest. _______Systolic Pressure is when ventricles relax. _______ Systolic/ Diastolic mm Hg_______Pressure in blood vessels increases when they are further from the heart. _______ When blood starts to flow again its is the diastolic pressure. _______the mean arterial pressure is 70 mm Hg._______The central venous pressure is 0 mm Hg found in the veins. _______ Dilation of blood vessels increases peripheral resistance. _______Hypotension is known as the “silent killer”_______the Carotid sinus measures the blood pressure to the brain._______TPR stands for total pressure resistance. _______ ADH, or anti dietetic hormone, is used to regulate pulse. _______The Baroreceptor reflex can fix the blood pressure problem._______ Thermoregulation takes precedence over the baroreceptor reflex. _______ Double bonds in fats are bad for you. _______Trans fats include partially hydrogenated oils. Fill in the Blank:The cardiovascular system is a ________________ system of the heart and blood vessels.The heart is located in
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