BONESAxial skeleton- those bones that lie around the bodys centerAppendicular- bones of the limbs of the appendendagesCompact bone- smooth and homogenousSpongy bone- composed of small trabeculae of bones and lots of spaceLong Bones- femur and phalanges – much longer than they are wideShort Bones- typically cubed shaped and they contaon more spongy bone than compact boneCarpsal and tarsalFlat bones- generally thin, with two waferlike layers of compact bone sandwiching a spongy bone inbetween (Bones of the skull)Regions:The skullFrontal boneVery top of headParietal boneSide of the headTemporal boneZygomatic processLke a handle on the skulllMandibular fossaIndent underneath the zygomatic processMastoid processIndent underneath the mandibular processJugular foramenBelow the carotid canal (more of an ident)Carotid canalSmall wholeOccipital bone – inside of the base of the skullForamen magnumBiggest whole in skullOccipital condylesOutside of the skullAbove the foreman magnumSphenoid bone -Great wings- ident in external view – right next to zytgomatic processLesser wingsThe skinner on the bone ( only on the sphenoid bone)Optic canal- looking from the top a little wholeEthmoid bone – inside of the nose boneCrista galli- “cocks comb”- top of the skullMandible – the jaw part of the skullMandibular condyle- upper part of the jawMental foramen- whole in the jawMaxillae- whole bone above the trathInfraorbtal foramen- whole next to the nosePalatine bones- bone above the teath next to the maxillaeZygomatic bones- cheek boneTemporal processLacrimal bones – next to the noseNasal bones – nose boneVomer bonesInferior nasal conchaeHydroid boneVertebral columnVertebrae- ***KNOW EITHER SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESSINFERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESSTransverse processSpinous processVertebral archVertebral foramenBody( centrum)- of only a single oneIntevertebral foraminaAtlas- a little wider than the axis (top)Lateral massesAxis- move vertical than the atleas (bottomDens( odontoid process)Cervical vertebrae- move point top (no spinous process shown)Transverse foramen- wholes on the sideThoracic vertebrae- spinous process at the top (body on top_Transverse costal facet – little bump/ indent in the transvere processSuperior costal focet - topInteroor costal focet -bottomLumbar vertebra- 3rd portion of the vertebraSacrum- 4thr portion of the vertebrae with the wholes in itCoccyx- 5th portion- the different shaped portion a small looking figureBony thoraxSternumJugular notch- indent on the topManubriumXiphoid process- separate from the sternumRibs – DISTINGUISH RIGHT/ LEFTtubercle of rib- bump on the ribhead of rib- top of the ribshoulderclavicle – RIGHT/LEFTacrominal end- more circular end of the claviclesternal end- flatter endconoid tuberclescapula- RIGHT AND LEFTacromioncoracoid processglenoid cavity- flat surface*** DISTINCTION BETWEEN RIGHT AND LEFTACROMION IS ALWAYS POINTED OUTarmhumerusgreater tubercle – like the bonehead of humerusradial groove- back of the bonedeltoid tuberosity- side of the bone (always towards the outside)trochlea- on the pawwwForearmRadius – top is like a candyHeadRadial tuberosity- bump on the side facing ulnaUlnar notch- where it fits with the ulna’s headUlna- top looks like a wrenchTrochlear notch- where it connects to the radius (bump_Radial notchHead of ulna – on the bottomHandCarpal –wristMetacarpal- bottom of the fingersPhalanges- actually finger tipsPelvic girdle- make sure that a baby can go through for it to be a womenIllium- the wings of the pelvic boneIschuium- bottom partPubic bone – the handles of the pelvic girdleThigh – RIGHT/LEFT- there is a huge bone that connects to the hipForea capitis- a little indent in the bone ( the cane part)HeadGreater trochanter –the ax part of the bonePatellar surface- part that connects to the kneeLateral epicondyle- side boneMedial epicondyle- middle boneLateral condyle – on the bottom sideMedial condyle – on the bottom middlePatellaLegTibiaTibial tuberosity- bump top of the tibulaFibulaHead (very skinny) lateral malleolus points outwardsMetatarsal – the bones connected to toesPhalanges - TOESKNOW POSITION, (proximal, middle and distal)JOINTS ******Costal cartilage- found connecting the ribs to the sternum (breastbone)Articular cartilage- cover the bones of movable joints1. fibrous joints- synarthrotic thus virtually NO MOVEMENT DENSE regular connective tissue the ankel2. cartilaginous joints- connected by cartilage thus SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE- connects the bones- the sternum or spinal cord3. synovial joints- freely movable joint LIGAMENTS! Binds the bones ball and socket•Compact bone tissue - composed of OSTEONS = structural units of compact bone•Spongy bone tissue – like a honeycomb – composed of needle-like structures called TRABECULAE = structural units of spongy bone****08/12/2012 11:13:00← BONES← Axial skeleton- those bones that lie around the bodys center← Appendicular- bones of the limbs of the appendendages- Compact bone- smooth and homogenous- Spongy bone- composed of small trabeculae of bones and lots of spaceo Long Bones- femur and phalanges – much longer than they are wideo Short Bones- typically cubed shaped and they contaon more spongy bone than compact bone Carpsal and tarsalo Flat bones- generally thin, with two waferlike layers of compact bone sandwiching a spongy bone inbetween (Bones of the skull)← Regions:- The skullo Frontal bone Very top of heado Parietal bone Side of the head o Temporal bone Zygomatic process Lke a handle on the skulll Mandibular fossa Indent underneath the zygomatic process Mastoid process Indent underneath the mandibular process Jugular foramen Below the carotid canal (more of an ident) Carotid canal Small whole o Occipital bone – inside of the base of the skull Foramen magnum Biggest whole in skullOccipital condyles Outside of the skull Above the foreman magnumo Sphenoid bone - Great wings- ident in external view – right next to zytgomatic process Lesser wings The skinner on the bone ( only on the sphenoid bone) Optic canal- looking from the top a little whole o Ethmoid bone – inside of the nose bone Crista galli- “cocks comb”- top of the skull o Mandible – the jaw part of the skull Mandibular condyle- upper part of the jaw Mental foramen- whole in the jawo Maxillae- whole bone above the trath Infraorbtal foramen- whole next to the nose o
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