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I. Connective:a. Most abundant, widely distributedb. Highly vascularized (except cartilages and tendons and ligaments)c. Composed of multiple cell types (fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells)d. Extracellular matrix between the cell (noncellular, nonliving, medium for nutrients, strength)e. FUNCTION: protects, supports, and binds together other tissues of the body (bones, ligaments, tendons)f. Extracellular matrix: 2 componentsi. Ground substance: (composed of liquid, gel-like, semi-solid, or solid (bone)). In firm tissues, cells reside in matrix cavities (Lacunae). Mostly water along with adhesion proteins and polysaccharide moleculesii. Fibers (provide support) 1. collagen (white) –strongest and most abundant, provides high tensile strength2. elastic (yellow) –networks of long, thin, wavy elastinfibers that allow for stretch3. reticular (fine) – short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibersg. Connective tissue derives from mesenchymeh. 4 types of adult conn tissuei. connective tissue proper (areolar, adipose, reticular, dense)ii. cartilageiii. boneiv. bloodi. areolar tissue: gel-like matrix, all 3 fiber types. Wraps and cushions organs. Located under many epithelium layers, packages organs, surrounds capillaries.j. Adipose tissue: matrix very sparse, dense fat cells, pushing nucleusto the side. Reserve fuel, protects and support organs, protects agst heat loss. Under skin, around kidneys, in breasts.k. Dense regular: primarily parallel collagen fibers. Fibroblasts=maincell type. Attached muscles to bones. Tendons, most ligamentsl. Cartilage: solid, firm matrix. Dense network of collagen fibers. Chondrocytes located in lacunae. Supports and reinforces, resisting compression. Cartilage of ribs, nose, trachea, larynx.m. Bone: hard, calcified matrix. Many collagen fibers. Osteocytes in lacunae. Supports and protects other organs, provides muscle leveragen. Blood: fluid matrix (plasma) containing red and white blood cells. Transport of gases, nutrients, wasteo. Mitotically active and secretory cells = “blasts”p. Mature cells “cytes”i. Fibroblasts in conn tissue properii. Chondroblasts and chondrocytes in cartilageiii. Osetoblasts and osteocytes in boneiv. Hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrowv. Fat cells (adipose cells)vi. White blood cells, mast cells, macrophagesII. Muscle- elongated cells, specialized to contracta. 3 types of muscle tissuei. skeletal: multinucleate, parallel striations, connected to skeleton, allows for voluntary contraction, movement of external body parts.ii. Cardiac- urinucleate, striated, cells branch, connecting at intercalated discs. Involuntary contractions, heart only (propels blood)iii. Smooth- urinucleate, no striations, formed by perpendicular layers of cells, involuntary contractions, walls of hollow organs (stomach, bladder)III. Nervous: composed of two cells typesa. Neurons- specialized w/ 2 abilitiesi. Irritability- receive stimuliii. Conductivity- transmit stimulib. Neuroglia- protect, support, and insulate


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UMD BSCI 201 - Connective

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