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2/10/12Structural Level of Proteins:1) Primary Structure2) Secondary Structure3) Tertiary Structure:a. Proteins that achieve the tertiary structure appear ball-like/compact. b. Globular (functional) proteins attain the tertiary structural modification. Globular proteins are denatured when you have a decrease in pH and an increase in temperature.i. Denaturation is when the 3D structure is uncoiled, destroying the active sites on the protein4) Quaternary Structures:a. Only a few proteins in the human body obtain the quaternary structural modification Cells: The Living UnitsA cell is the basic structural and functional units of all organismsAll life, any organism, has a cellular basis.Second Structural Level- The Cellular LevelCells are the structural units for all organisms, hence cells are the functional units for all organisms. Biochemical reactions occur within cells to sustain the organism. The type of biochemical reaction occurring in a cell depends on the subcellular structure of the cell. Structure defines function at the cellular level.Reproduction-> continuity of species, occurs at the cellular level. In the human, at the time of fertilization, you are looking at the sperm and the ovum. In the human body there are 200 types of cells based on structure, the structure of a cell dictates its function. Each cell-> 3 regions. A plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus. Plasma membrane forms the outer boundary of the cell and is located between 2 fluid compartments; the extracellular fluid (ECF) and the intracellular fluid (ICF)The ECF is subdivided:Interstitial fluid, the ECF that surrounds cells in a tissue. Blood plasmaThe plasma membrane has the fluid mosaic model. The structure of the plasma membrane:Its composed of 2 rows of phospholipids with the polar heads interacting with the interstitial fluid and the intracellular fluid, with the nonpolar cells in-between, away from the aqueous environments.Membrane proteins are embedded in the membrane. There are 2 types, integral proteins and peripheral proteins. Integral proteins will span the entire middle and the peripheral proteins are attached to the integral proteins on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma


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UMD BSCI 201 - Structural Level of Proteins

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