2/3/12The concentration of hydrogen ions determines the acidity of the solution. An increase in hydrogen ions means an increase of acidity of the solution, which results in a decreased pH.pH= -log[H]pH is inversely proportional to the concentration of hydrogen ions, increased aciditymeans a lower pH- the stomach is very acidic, it has a pH of 1.3Bases are proton (hydrogen ion) acceptors:Blood pH is strictly maintained between 7.35 and 7.45. it’s a very narrow window. This pH is critical for the optimal function of enzymesLower than 7.35? AcidosisHigher than 7.45? AlkalosisChanges in blood pH are prevented by the actions of chemicals referred to as buffers. Buffer system consists of 2 components; 1 component accepts protons and 1 component donates protonsHow a buffer system responds to a drop in blood pH:Bugger system responded by binding protons to raise the blood pH back into normal rangeHow a buffer system responds to an increase in blood pH:Buffer system will respond by releasing protons into blood to decrease bloodpH back into normal range. Salts are ionic compoundsSalts in water will disassociate into cations and anionsThese ions in solutions are referred to as electrolytes, they mediate many physiological processes.Organic compound? Covalently link carbon chain as the backbone4 organic compounds in the bodyCarbohydrates:Monosaccharides: building blocks for the other 2 types Disaccharides: formed by the combo of 2 types of hexose sugarsMaltose: glucose+glucoseSucrose: glucose+fructoseLactose: glucose+galactosePolysaccharides: storage forms of glucose in plant and animal cellsPlants: starch (what we ingest)Animal cells: glycogen (an important form of energy)Function of Carbs in the body:1%-2% of mass of a cell is composed of carbohydratesa) glucose is the primary cellular fuel for energy production. Cells catabolizeglucose via glycolysis to produce energy.b) Pentose sugars form part of the back bone of nucleic acidsc) Glucose attached to lipids (glycolipids) or proteins (glycoproteins)Glycolipids and glycoproteins are present on the surface of cells, and act as signal molecules or molecular markers. A glycolipid and glycoprotein rich area on the surface of the plasma membrane of the cells is called the glycocalyx.The pattern arrangement of glucose in the glycocalyx is unique for each cell type. Changes in the pattern of glucose in the glycocalyx are indicative of the cells turning carncerousd) glycogen acts as a storage form of energythe body can store up to 500-600g if glycogen. Any access glucose is turned into fat, a process called
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