Exam 2 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ONLY Anatomy and Physiology 2 O Brien Multiple Choice The following is TRUE regarding the cardiovascular system a The hear is responsible for pumping blood b Lymph nodes allow for circulation though out the entire body c Blood is used for delivery d A and C e All of the above Which part of the heart generates the most force a Right b Left c Apex d Interventricular septum Gas exchange occurs in the a lungs b veins c arteries d capillaries e all of the above f none of the above Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of a breathing in oxygen and bringing it to the muscles though blood b breathing in oxygen to generate ATP c Knocking an oxygen off of a free radical d Oxidizing the blood The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system consisting of a coronary arteries which branch from the aorta to supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood b Cardiac veins to drain the myocardium of blood c Coronary sinus a large vein on the posterior aspect of the heart which receives blood from cardiac veins d None of the Above e All of the above Biggest to smallest blood vessels are a arteries veins capillary venule artericle b veins arteries artricle venule capillary c veins arteries venule article capillary d arteries veins venules arterile capillary The tunica Media is made of endothelial cells is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system a can alter its radius b c d can regulate arteriole pressure e All of the Above f A D and D only In pulmonary edema what swells first a heart b lungs c capillaries d liver The conduction through the heart from beginning to end is a AV node SA node AV bundle Bundle branches Purjinke fibers b SA node AV node Bundle branches Purjinke Fibers AV bundle c SA node AV node AV bundle Bundle Branches Purjinke fibers d Purjinke Fibers SA Node AV node Bundle branches AV bundle All of the following are affects of factors on blood pressure EXCEPT a ANS adjustments b Temperature c Reinin d Alcohol e Calcium intake f All of the above are affects of factors on blood pressure An increase in blood volume increases pressure a b increases radius of vessels c can be due to fight or flight d e All of the above f A B and D only is managed by AHD True False In cardiac muscle cells divide after infancy The flow through the heart goes from veins to ventricles to atria to arteries to lungs Lymphatic fluid is under zero pressure Arterioles have low resistance Lungs are the site of gas exchange between blood and tissue Sleeping has the same gravity pull as when you are awake Arteries don t always have oxygenated blood Systemic capillaries in tissues put CO2 out and O2 in Blood in the heart chambers nourishes the myocardium blood empties into the right ventricle through the coronary sinus If all arteries are blocked you can use veins in a bypass surgery Cardiac muscle allows for blood flow through the veins Walls of capillaries are one endothelium cell layer thick The tunica media is made of smooth muscle and controlled by the autonomic nervous system The tunica media regulates venule pressure The aorta leave from the right ventricle Under high pressure arteries can stretch because they have elasticity most cells are within 3mm of a capillary Pores between squamous cells allow for free plasma to move though walls Sphincters only contract and relax to local factors Fat is metabolically active True capillaries are a site of oxygen and nutrients into the blood O2 opens precapillary sphincters Hypertension cannot rupture kidney walls Veins cannot stretch Veins generate more pressure then arteries Arteries have low compliance bundle branches are located in the atrioventricular septum The AV node is the heart s pacemaker The heart will not contract in presence of electricity There is a lot of K outside of the cell and a lot of Na inside the cell CaCl can cause death by lethal injection Na2 has potential energy Repolarization is the return to resting membrane potential Sodium channels cannot open without a stimulus Calcium is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum The left and right atrium contract one at a time ventricles fill with blood while atria contract The QRS complex corresponds to atrial depolarization The Lub sound occurs at semilunar valves closing Dub sounds occur at the begging of systole while Lub sounds occur at the beginning of diastole Heart Rate is determined by the AV node firing rate In the Parasympathetic nervous system the vagus nerves use epinephrine to produce M2 to slow heart rate Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released from the adrenal gland The systemic circuit has les resistance then the pulmonary Epinephrine and norepinephrine bind to alpha receptors to cause vasoconstriction at alpha receptors Epinephrine has a greater affinity to Beta 2 receptors Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped by each atria in one contraction to generate a heartbeat At rest half of the bod volume is pumped through the blood The average pulse is 62 57 beats per minute at rest Systolic Pressure is when ventricles relax Systolic Diastolic mm Hg Pressure in blood vessels increases when they are further from the heart When blood starts to flow again its is the diastolic pressure the mean arterial pressure is 70 mm Hg The central venous pressure is 0 mm Hg found in the veins Dilation of blood vessels increases peripheral resistance Hypotension is known as the silent killer the Carotid sinus measures the blood pressure to the brain TPR stands for total pressure resistance ADH or anti dietetic hormone is used to regulate pulse The Baroreceptor reflex can fix the blood pressure problem Thermoregulation takes precedence over the baroreceptor reflex Double bonds in fats are bad for you Trans fats include partially hydrogenated oils Fill in the Blank The cardiovascular system is a system of the heart and blood vessels The heart is located in the cavity Valves prevent of blood Cardiac muscle is a n muscle of cardiovascular tissue is autorythmic and is contractile cells fills the space between layers of pericardium anchor the AV valves The open the heart valves Arteries are vessels carrying blood away from the heart The and arteries don t always have oxygen The coronary arteries are blocked To prevent heart attack must be preformed is the process of making the veins or arteries smaller to allow for less blood flow of the veins are larger The in the middle layer of a blood vessel The tunica externa is made of The arteries leave the right ventricle There are
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