2 8 12 Lipoproteins 1 vLDL 2 LDL bad cholesterol 3 HDL High density lipoproteins Major lipid in HDL is cholesterol but its not in the bloodstream It transports to the liver for breakdown and elimination from the body HDL is known as good cholesterol Phospholipids A lipid with a phosphate group attached Structure polar head with the non polar tails The polar head had the phosphorous containing group and can interact with water The non polar tails are 2 free fatty acid chains they are hydrophobic Function Phospholipids are used in the formation or assembly of the plasma membrane The form micelles Transport structures in the aqueous environment of the small intestine These micelles transport fatty elements in the small intestine to the simple columnar cells lining the small intestine The small intestine allow fatty elements to diffuse into the simple columnar cells Cholesterol Transported by LDL and HDL 1 cholesterol is for the synthesis of the steroid hormones 2 Cholesterol maintains the integrity of the plasma membranes Eicosanoids Derived indirectly from phospholipids 2 types prostaglandins and leukotrienes Aspirin inhibits the formation of prostaglandins such as thromboxane A2 which is required for hemostasis stoppage of bleeding by the formation of blood clots So aspirin prevents blood clot formation by preventing the formation of thromboxane A2 Since aspirin inhibits blood clots it is recommended when an individual has a thromboembolic disease Another type of organic compounds Proteins Proteins are formed by building blocks called amino acids 1 primary structure indicates the type and position of the amino acid a The primary structure dictates the structure of the protein hence the primary structure indirectly dictates the function of protein Structure determines function 2 secondary structural level of proteins has 2 types a beta pleated sheets b alpha helices the primary structure is folded and held together by hydrogen bonds to form the 2 secondary structures 3 tertiary structural level of proteins a some proteins contain the tertiary structure b take the secondary structures fold to form compact structures with depth results in the 3D structure of the protein c
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