1 27 12 2 main body cavities In frontal cornal cut larger ventral body cavity Ventral body cavity is subdivided into 2 cavities by a skeletal muscle called the diaphragm The diaphragm separates the body cavity into the superior thoracic and the inferior abdominal pelvic cavity Superior thoracic cavity houses Lungs heart esophagus and trachea Inferior abdominal pelvic cavity houses Most digestive organs urinary organs and reproductive organs Organs have a membrane surrounding the organ Prevents interference with others protects from infection and holds the organ in place Ex Kidneys can drop when losing weight because you metabolize the fat membrane around the kidneys anorexia Each organ in the ventral body cavity is surrounded by membranes The membranes surrounding the organs are called serous membranes Responsible for compartmentalization inside the ventral body cavity The heart is surrounded by the serous membrane called the pericardial sac Each lung is surrounded by the serous membrane called the pleural sac no direct contact between organs Organs in the abdominal pelvic cavity are surrounded by the serious membrane called the peritoneal sac Function of compartmentalization in the human body 1 to isolate each organ to prevent interference from neighboring organs 2 to prevent the spread of infection from one organ to the other 3 to hold organs in their right anatomical positions 4 to protect against trauma the sacs contain fluid Blow to the heart Fluid absorbs and takes the hit pressure Dorsal body cavity There are 2 sub cavities We observe the dorsal body cavity in the sagittal body cut Superior cranial cavity houses the brain Inferior vertebral cavity houses the spinal cord The central nervous system is in the dorsal body cavity The brain and spinal cord form the central nervous system Compartmentalization the brain is surrounded by a membrane called meninges the spinal cord is surrounded by a membrane also called meninges slightly different than the brain s there s 2 layers membrane around the brain and 1 around the spine Inflammation of the meninges is called meningitis Physiology is a body parts function refers to biochemical reactions occurring inside cells in the human body In the human body we can identify 6 levels of structural complexity Lowest level to highest level Chemical level defines biochemical level Cellular level where chemical reactions occur Tissue level 4 types of primary tissue Organ level an organ consists 2 types of tissue
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