Blue book What is a tradition a collection of ideas principles rules and values that are related to each other in that they share common views of the behavior of individuals states and other organizations also share common assumptions about how this world works and how individuals and states should respond to challenges What role will Middle powers play in IR leadership in IOs ROs international regional organizations promote diplomacy and non force options expertise in managing interdependence don t want to be dependent on one country and globalization regimes conflict resolution management common issue agenda use the words common and cooperation a lot build global civil society NGOs and activism peace keeping guide states see themselves as normative leaders to change the world sensitivity reflexivity permeability Other Grotian projects ICC international criminal court Jubilee Movement Zero Nukes Landmine Campaign Child soldiers Conventional Arms R2P desire for a rule based system and multilateralism Challenge failure to adapt to new realities rethink the idea of sovereignty and strategies to achieve national interests global reports and reference attempting to bring the people into discussions Brandt 2 studies on North South emphasis on common problems development and community Palme and Gandhi global arms race and security Brundland UNEP our common future basis for RIO in 1992 Carlsson global governance Nyerre South Commission Pronk North South Evans R2P Currently many efforts led by Transnational Social Movements global civil society Human Security Movement freedom from fear want and the rule of law Occupy Movement climate change movements Bruce Cronin s work on international protection regimes a class of regimes aimed at promoting the common good fisheries pollution and human rights reflect a community of states collective view of justice stability and interests difficult to create and maintain because of dominance of Realism and priorities of states Most IR scholars recognize that a state s obligations are threefold and in this order primary domestic interests and institutions secondary international society of states final community of humanity giving disaster reliefs occasional balancing those obligations is what IR is all about all of these reformers inspired by Kant Immanuel Kant Martin Wight saw Kant as a revolutionist or a transformer promoted a cosmopolitan system as a transformer but was willing to accept a more perfect state system reformer Kant as a scholar rationalism enlightenment scholar enlightenment is man s emergence from his self imposed nonage nonage is the inability to use one s own understanding without another s guidance Sapere Aude dare to now have the courage to use your own understanding part of Kantian revolution have your own ideas and positions religions controlled power sceptism all ideas must face scrutiny tolerance consider and honor all legitimate ideas guarded optimism through reason humans discover universal rules Kantian Tradition not only Kant s ideas 1 abolish war simply make it unattractive as a policy option unthinkable cost of war push cooperation democratic peace argument those with higher values will socialize others 2 learning education as a path to positive ends men posses a moral capacity can be taught to set aside self interest 3 deal with anarchy by creating a federation of small republics citizens will never develop a loyalty to a world government 4 increase moral interdependence and moral freedom or individual autonomy knowledge and experience leads to moral means nothing in return interdependence 5 eliminate standing armies standing armies may fuel arms races expensive can be a negative political force citizens armies are essential 6 states and leaders should emphasize cosmopolitan rights right of access safe shelter peaceful commerce and interactions exchange 7 enlightenment project all humankind seen as problem solvers duty to explore utopian ideas responsibility and obligation comes with knowledge 8 moral freedom the right to be treated and the duty to treat others as ethical subjects 9 the categorical imperative act only according to a maxim by which you can at the same time will that it shall become a general or universal law 10 to act freely is to choose the end itself select the right thing for the right reasons no ulterior motives moral choices for that purpose motive of duty is doing it because it is right
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