Blue book?What is a tradition?- a collection of ideas , principles, rules and values that are related to each other in that they share common views of the behavior of individuals, states and other organizations.- also share common assumptions about how this world works and how individuals and states should respond to challengesWhat role will Middle powers play in IR?- leadership in IOs/ROs (international/regional organizations)- promote diplomacy and non-force options- expertise in managing interdependence (don’t want to be dependent on one country) and globalization regimes- conflict resolution/management- common issue agenda (use the words ‘common’ and ‘cooperation’ a lot)- build global civil society: NGOs and activism- peace-keeping> guide states, see themselves as normative leaders to change the world> sensitivity, reflexivity, permeabilityOther Grotian projects- ICC: international criminal court- Jubilee Movement- Zero Nukes- Landmine Campaign- Child soldiers- Conventional Arms- R2Pdesire for a rule-based system and multilateralism - Challenge: failure to adapt to new realities; rethink the idea of sovereignty and strategies to achieve national interests- global reports and reference: attempting to bring the people into discussions- Brandt: 2 studies on North-South; emphasis on common problems, development and community- Palme and Gandhi: global arms race and security- Brundland: UNEP - our common future; basis for RIO in 1992- Carlsson: global governance- Nyerre: South Commission- Pronk: North/South- Evans: R2P- Currently many efforts led by Transnational Social Movements; global civil society- Human Security Movement: freedom from fear, want and the rule of law> Occupy Movement, climate change movementsBruce Cronin’s work on international protection regimes- a class of regimes aimed at promoting the common good: fisheries, pollution and human rights- reflect a community of states’ collective view of justice, stability and interests- difficult to create and maintain because of dominance of Realism and priorities of statesMost IR scholars recognize that a state’s obligations are threefold and in this order- primary: domestic interests and institutions- secondary: international society of states- final: community of humanity (**giving disaster reliefs, occasional)- balancing those obligations is what IR is all about; all of these reformers inspired by KantImmanuel Kant- Martin Wight saw Kant as a revolutionist or a transformer- promoted a cosmopolitan system as a transformer- but was willing to accept a more perfect state system: reformerKant as a scholar- rationalism-enlightenment scholar- enlightenment is man’s emergence from his self-imposed nonage- nonage is the inability to use one’s own understanding without another’s guidance- Sapere Aude: dare to now! have the courage to use your own understanding> part of Kantian revolution: have your own ideas and positions> religions controlled power- sceptism: all ideas must face scrutiny- tolerance: consider and honor all legitimate ideas- guarded optimism: through reason humans discover universal rulesKantian Tradition (not only Kant’s ideas)1 - abolish war: simply make it unattractive as a policy option/unthinkable; cost of war push cooperation, democratic peace argument, those with higher values will socialize others2 - learning: education as a path to positive ends; men posses a moral capacity, can be taught to set aside self-interest3 - deal with anarchy by creating a federation of small republics; citizens will never develop a loyalty to a world government4 - increase moral interdependence and moral freedom or individual autonomy; knowledge and experience leads to moral (means nothing in return) interdependence5 - eliminate standing armies; standing armies may fuel arms races, expensive, can be a negative political force; citizens armies are essential6 - states and leaders should emphasize cosmopolitan rights: right of access, safe shelter, peaceful commerce and interactions/exchange7 - enlightenment project: all humankind seen as problem-solvers; duty to explore utopian ideas, responsibility and obligation comes with knowledge8 - moral freedom: the right to be treated and the duty to treat others as ethical subjects9 - the categorical imperative: act only according to a maxim by which you can at the same time will that it shall become a general or universal law- Blue book? - What is a tradition?- a collection of ideas , principles, rules and values that are related to each other in that they share common views of the behavior of individuals, states and other organizations. - also share common assumptions about how this world works and how individuals and states should respond to challenges- What role will Middle powers play in IR? - leadership in IOs/ROs (international/regional organizations)- promote diplomacy and non-force options- expertise in managing interdependence (don’t want to be dependent on one country) and globalization regimes - conflict resolution/management- common issue agenda (use the words ‘common’ and ‘cooperation’ a lot)- build global civil society: NGOs and activism- peace-keeping> guide states, see themselves as normative leaders to change the world> sensitivity, reflexivity, permeability- Other Grotian projects- ICC: international criminal court- Jubilee Movement- Zero Nukes- Landmine Campaign- Child soldiers- Conventional Arms- R2P- desire for a rule-based system and multilateralism - Challenge: failure to adapt to new realities; rethink the idea of sovereignty and strategies to achieve national interests- global reports and reference: attempting to bring the people into discussions- Brandt: 2 studies on North-South; emphasis on common problems, development and community- Palme and Gandhi: global arms race and security- Brundland: UNEP - our common future; basis for RIO in 1992- Carlsson: global governance- Nyerre: South Commission- Pronk: North/South- Evans: R2P- Currently many efforts led by Transnational Social Movements; global civil society- Human Security Movement: freedom from fear, want and the rule of law> Occupy Movement, climate change movements- Bruce Cronin’s work on international protection regimes- a class of regimes aimed at promoting the common good: fisheries, pollution and human rights- reflect a community of states’ collective view of justice, stability and interests- difficult to create and maintain because of dominance of Realism and