IR Lecture 12 Realism classical modern structural neo world include pt theory Thucydides Machivivelli Hobbes Metternich Carr Morgenthau Kissinger Walktz Mearsheimer Liberalism classical neo and note emipiral vs normative liberalism Locke Grotiius Kant fukuyama Doyle Keohane Nye Promoters of universal religions marxisists amnesty international focus on the global south Cosmopolitan many different approaches all insisting on the primacy of world society over international society Neo Debates Two Developments o By the end of the 1970 s Neorealists and Neoliberals decided they could agree on one thin states are rational actors seeking to maximize their utility o Keohane and Nye s Power and Interdependence 1977 crystallized Neoliberalism And then Walt z Theory of International Politics 1979 crystallized Neorealism These books paved the way for the 1980 s and early 90 s to become the heyday of the Neo Neo debate still central to much of IR Keohane and Nye s Complex or Policy interdependence refer to the set of costs and benefits created for specific groups in Country N when dominant groups of Country A try to realize their preferences and values in the Int realm be influence their states foreign policy Waltz Anarchy Krasner of Stanford Fuses the Neos with International Regimes 1983 Fusion between Neos Neo Neo Synthesis began Definition International Regimes are principles norms rules and decision making procedures around which state expectations converge in a given issue area Regimes are more enduring than mere temporary arrangements that change with every shift in power or interests So how does this mark Krasner off as not quite your traditional Realist o Waltz would say Therefore states are CONSTRAINED ANARCHY IS A LOT LESS Finally regimes are also different from agreements which are ad hoc sometimes one shot arrangements A key purpose of regimes is to facilitate agreements Ex Trade Regime Morgenthau Addressing the realists What is the link between imposition of tariffs and reduction in international relations How is it exactly that international regimes can reduce anarchy How can regime even be present in warfare which should be the ultimate in anarchy o The Neo Neo Debate In summary 1 both sides agree that regimes exists and are important 2 Neorealists think powerful states are relatively less constrained by regime norms and rules 3 But neoliberals insist that once regimes are created they ensnare all states in webs of governance that seriously undermine anarchy o How can you have under anarchy Hegemonic Stability Theory Others talk about Anarchy o Prisoner s Dilemma Two suspects are arrested by the police The police have insufficient evidence for a conviction and having separated both prisoners visit each of them to offer the same deal If one testifies defects for the prosecution against the other and the other remains silent the betrayer goes free and the silent accomplice receives the full 10 year sentence If both remain silent both prisoners are sentenced to only six months in jail for a minor charge If each betrays the other each receives a five year sentence Each prisoner must choose to betray the other or to remain silent Each one is assured that the other would not know about the betrayal before the end of the investigation Security Dilemma Tariff barriers Game Of Chicken Cuban Missile Crisis How to prevent the car crashes of international relations o Shadow of the future looms o Robert Axelrod evolution of cooperation The best strategy for iterated PDs Tit for Tat o 1 always cooperate with the other player at first that is don t be the first one to defect o 2 if the other player defects retaliate immediately but only once Don t be vengeful o 3 if the other resumes cooperating then resume cooperating But if she he keeps defecting then keep defecting Worst strategies o Always Defect never cooperation the psychopathic strategy Kim Hyon Ill o Always cooperate Jesus strategy they get annihilated
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