IR Lecture 19 Completing The Network Society International Security Three ways to organize the human race Castells In a worldspanning hierarchy In sovereign autonomous units In a globe spanning network precisely what is emerging under globalization There have always been networks but nothing like the dense globe spanning network taking shape today Networks vs hierarchies and sovereign autonomous units 1 in a network power is dispersed into interconnected nodes 2 Nodes connect at switches which usually bring together some combination of power over information imagery money and violence 3 no single actor of any kind can predictably consistently and decisively control the Net So What is Castells IR Theory wise Not a realist or neorealist or neoliberal He s hard to classify because his argument is that under the network society of globalization NO coherent entity an wield agential power sufficiently potent to buck the logic of the Net Not a constructivist Because once MNC s NGO s etc put the Net into palce it takes over and impossibilizes effective actorhood or real agential power SO structuration Where then IS power in the net It is everywhere and yet nowhere at least not in the places where we re accustomed to looking for it We have to start training ourselves to focus on nodes and especially switches rather than concrete actors It cant consistently be captured and directed toward either good or bad uses over long periods of time predictably by any actors But its very much there and very very real Just go try bucking its logic and youll find it out Implications is the fact that no core actors can control everything particularly culture creation liberating terrifying or both recorded Chaos is fun Implications what will the long term effects be that is what does the reality of the Net assuming you agree with Castells imply for the future evolution of world politics Security Traditional Realist Concept Of Power states constantly pursue their interests defined in general terms as power Power is both material and ideational but the focus is on material military and economic power The states with the most power are considered the most secure Security Dilemma Walter Lippmann A nation is secure to the extent to which it is not in danger of having to sacrifice core values if it wishes to avoid war and is able if challenged to maintain them by victory in such a war 1943 Walter Lippmann and the American century Arnold Wolfers Security in an objective sense measures the absence of threats to acquired values in a subjective sense the absence of fear that such value will be attacked 1962 Laurence Martin security is the assurance of future well being 1983 Royal Military College Of Canada National security is the preservation of a way of life acceptable to the people and compatible with the needs and legitimate aspirations of others 1989 Ole Waever Security is a speech act By saying security a staterepresentative moves the particular case into specific arena claiming a special right o use the means necessary to block this development 1989 securitization referring to migration
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