Regime TheoryRegime theory is derived from the liberal tradition that argues that international institutions or regimes affect the behavior of states (or other international actors). It assumes that cooperation is possible in the anarchic system of states, indeed, regimes are by definition, instances of international cooperation.Social ConstructivismQUESTION #1 PART ATAKE1Presentism: Encourages a forward-looking, contemporary approach to the study of IR, largely reversing the suggestion of using the past to understand the present. As a consequence, the few historical times and places that resemble the international anarchy of modern Europe—namely Greece, Renaissance Italy, ‘warring states’ period in China—receive a disproportionate amount of attention. Ahistoricism: Encompasses the desire to find universal laws (much like those applying to natural sciences) that are immune to historical variation. Ahistoricism is heavily reliant on the widely held belief that the ‘texture’ of international politics does not change over time, and events repeat themselves in patterns; a concept that until recently has been increasingly challenged. Seeking to compare the conflicts between Athens and Sparta, and the United States and the USSR for example, would require distortion beyond recognition of underlying social structures forming early city-states.Eurocentrism: Provides an account of history and IR that focuses mainly on aspects of the European model and the global international system they initially created. Addressing the whole of classical history in terms of the international system, however, requires looking at the origins of other kinds of systems that existed before the Europeans subordinated everything to their own anarchic model. Afro-Eurasian systems for instance, have largely been overlooked in spite of its earlier existence(s).Anarchophilia: As a consequence of Ahistoric and Eurocentric perceptions, this normative assumption gives unnecessary attention to the virtues of anarchy, a concept that Liberals have conversely seen as the main cause of war and disorder. It is argued that anarchy is actually just one extreme in a spectrum ranging across international history—one in which other conditions such as suzerainty, dominion, hegemony, and empire have also existed.State-Centrism: Explains attempts of theorists to conceptualize IR and the international system by focusing overwhelmingly on the military-political dimension(s) of the state. Describing the international system as more than just a synonym for the state, however, requires the integration of social, economic, and environmental developments; all of which occur on a transnational level.TAKE2- Presentism: concerned with contemporary history, expertise needed on current events. Calls for forward thinking rather than backward thinking. Insisting or assuming that what prevails today also prevailed in every other time and place- Ahistorisim – the search for general laws that apply to the past as well as the present. Theorists seek to identify lawsthat are immune to historical variation. Studying the past, but only to discover general laws to apply to all times andplaces- Eurocentrism: Brought 1st international system together through colonialism and those not with Euro stamp were forced to conform for example Japan. May be true but the history can be told by ignoring and distorting info. Eurocentric accounts invariably ignore Afro-Eurasian system that evolved long before the Euros began to extend across the globe. Very closely related to Edward Said’s “Orientalism.” IR is too commonly studied from this very Eurocentric perspective w/a co commitment failure to come to terms w/how non-euros “others” understand IR and organize their world. (assuming that what happened in Europe and the broader West is a microcosm of what happened everywhere - Anarchophilia: IR for the past 5000 years has not been anarchic, but arranged on a spectrum, anarchy at one end andempire at the other. (with hegemony, suzerainty, and dominion in between) Assuming that anarchy is natural, and at its root, eternal in International Relations- State centrism: almost inseparable from anarchophilia. Big reason for underdeveloped conceptualization of the international system. Assuming that states are always and forever the dominant actors in International RelationsTAKE3Ahistoricism implies that specialists should be searching for general laws that apply to the past as well as the presentEuro-centrism traces the origins of Europe and their anarchic model, rather than tracing the whole sweep of ancient and classical history in terms of the international system. Euro-centric accounts invariably ignore the Afro-Eurasian system that existed long before the Europeans began to extend across the globe.State-centrism is the assumption that states are always and forever dominant actors in the realm of IR Presentism is the idea that a few specialists consider the historical knowledge within a discipline and focus on a forward rather than backward looking perspectiveAnarchophilia is the assumption that anarchy is natural rather than an extreme on the spectrum (hegemony, suzerainty, and dominion are in between)TAKE4Presentism- A tendency to look into the past through a contemporary (modern, present) lens. Analysts will occasionally look into the past and study history but only for the purpose of uncovering parallels to the “modern European experience.” They don’t take in the full scope of the international system in “history overall” (19). Focus tends to be placed on events that were only important in Western society’s history. Ahistoricism- implies that social scientists need to search for laws that apply across time. Eurocentrism- a strong force in IR. IR theory was initially introduced by European states, so it is the generally accepted theory. States were infused bwith such European concepts as territorial boundaries and colonial administration. Eurocentrism ignores Afro-Eurasian history that had occurred previously. Anarchophilia- Classical realists express mixed feelings about anarchy, liberals see it as a cause for war and disorder. Strongest in neorealism. Anarchophilia is a tendency to lean towards anarchy. State-Centrism- Similar to Anarchophilia. It brings about the “underdeveloped conceptualization of the international system.” TAKE51. Presentism – focuses on contemporary history (or present history)