Kant s categorical imperative major challenge to national interest trumping human interest raises the question of responsibility to the human community Responsibility to protect Solidarist view if a state fails to protect citizens they forfeit their right to be treated as legitimate sovereigns entitling other states to act challenges realist views of sovereignty and world order Think Kissinger Exam question Robert Cox argues that there are two types of theory problem solving theories system is ok solve the problems that make ppl want to transform the system performers Mac and Grotian critical theories the problem is the system structural of international systems Kant describe these two categories and where do our 4 theoretical traditions fit Contemporary application Pratt and Stokke on global economy 3 perspectives on the global economy liberal internationalists capitalism e g Marshall Plan reform internationalists social democratic collective multilateralism radical internationalists Marxist transform economic system Reform Internationalists the system works based when it is rule based and those with the means enforce those rules multinationalism Grotian Reform Internationalists good Samaritan states Gidsland or Guide states multinationalism build institutions cooperative or common security social democratic values at home define foreign policy priorities avoid polarization and extremism find solutions via diplomacy How much power authority to give to regional or global regimes realists maintainers Grotian Reformers 4 Views on REGIMES Realist use regimes to increase power and influence create stability that allows all to benefit Neoliberals govern system economic growth promote capitalist values and interests Grotian problem solving and power share rule based system more secure reciprocity recognizes other forms of power and influence multinationalism Kantian open to call actors and shift power to regimes cooperation via regimes is the only way to deal with global problems extent of severignty given to regimes determines whether realist or Grotian or Kantian regimes facilitate cooperation and promote reciprocity in an issue area realist world regimes work well in low politics areas and wor best when the powerful want them to do so Grotius and Kant world regimes are essential parts of global community and problem solving Reformers Grotian Tradition sources liberalism and socialism rationalism and natural law problem solvers and internationalists cooperation aimed at providing and protecting global public goods and global commons normative aspirations Gisland or Guide states Grotians Often called Rationalists IR takes place in a society governed by a set of consensual rules established by independent states tied together by commerce treaties and regimes Key here REASON we can learn to be good realists humans are born evil and selfinterest Knowledge of rights and duties that shape interests We have already remarked that nature has established a perfect equality of rights among independent nations In consequence Sources of Grotian Tradition Locke and Rousseau social contract and the general will Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas responsibility of citizens Aristotle capitalism with a human face something that belongs to everyone belongs to no one hold private property in interests of civic virtue once needs of family are met remainder goes to those in need social democracy benevolent community we over the Aquinas duty of charity international law and the natural law tradition evil deeds must be corrected and good deeds must be recompensed Citizens should refrain from injuring others but should furthermore protect them Hugo Grotian Reason leads to proper action Martin Wight s Grotian views sovereignty and equality of states right to wage war just war
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