Realist Voices: Mid-term questions!- 3 core assumptions from the foundational period- do these ideas persist? why?- how are alternative views marginalizedSummary of Foundational Realism (Dominated IR from 1648-1920)Assumptions:- No common power (absence of a governing structure; international system is anarchy)- Need for a strong state- Constant struggle for power- War is a constant possibility- Duality of morality (State itself and international, different ethical responsibilities)- Cooperation has limits-parable of the stag hunt- Self-help and the priority of force> No state is prepared to give up the possibility of gaining individual advantage over the rest. Sovereignty and independence get in the way of rational world peace.WWI: end of a fragile BOPO system and a frayed colonial system, a time for thinking about a new world order- Grotian moment (forms the foundational period)- problem of BOPO: perception of balance?- options for world order: a new BOPO; a concert system (major powers come together); world government; hegemonic power?- League of Nations: an international organization with collective security replacing unilateralismLeadership: BOPO or LeagueMany citizens supported a peace movement to:- eliminate war as a tool of statecraft- stop use of certain types of weapons- minimize war crimes- establish rules/laws that outlaw war and need for force- collective security-global force- address causes of violence“High Noon”: this movie was developed with the idea that it could convince Americans to fight the Cold War- realism and the use of force as the only way forward- maybe the story of IR> 1-page: how the movie deal with ideas in the three traditions (2 pts)Modern Voice: E.H. Carr- Woodrow Wilson chair 1936-1947- main contribution to realists = avoid extreme positions- no universal solutions - go for moderation and prudence- life is about opposites: left vs. right, good vs. evil, good for the moderation- key is to find a path of theory and practice in the middle- may have led him to support appeasement policy toward Hitler- concerned about social justice- his five objections to utopian thought that may have led to WWIICarr’s criticism of Utopians/Liberal Internationalist- assumption that leaders have a broad range of choices - rationalism - and domestic policies will work internationally- harmony of interests among all people of the world- faith in human reason- laws/moral code apply equally to all- war is irrational behaviorCarr agreed with Utopians on the dangers of nationalism > called for going beyond the state- EU type of organizationSought some morality in politics- Advice on Power: military, economic and control over public opinion- IR as a zero-sum game (your gain is my loss). accommodate those with power- Advice on Morality: State is not a person - duality argument3 reasons why states will not honor moral codes:- no community, no universal moral code- diversity of interests and cultures- human nature - self interest/self helpfailure of League and rise of Hitler > marginalized optimists, idealists and the liberal internationalistslimits of international law > keep the weak in lineInternational Relations 210 02/25/2016Realist Voices: Mid-term questions!- 3 core assumptions from the foundational period - do these ideas persist? why?- how are alternative views marginalized-Summary of Foundational Realism (Dominated IR from 1648-1920)Assumptions:- No common power (absence of a governing structure; international system is anarchy)- Need for a strong state- Constant struggle for power- War is a constant possibility- Duality of morality (State itself and international, different ethical responsibilities)- Cooperation has limits-parable of the stag hunt- Self-help and the priority of force> No state is prepared to give up the possibility of gaining individual advantage over the rest.Sovereignty and independence get in the way of rational world peace.-WWI: end of a fragile BOPO system and a frayed colonial system, a time for thinking about a new world order- Grotian moment (forms the foundational period)- problem of BOPO: perception of balance?- options for world order: a new BOPO; a concert system (major powers come together); world government; hegemonic power?- League of Nations: an international organization with collective security replacing unilateralism-Leadership: BOPO or LeagueMany citizens supported a peace movement to:- eliminate war as a tool of statecraf- stop use of certain types of weapons- minimize war crimes- establish rules/laws that outlaw war and need for force- collective security-global force- address causes of violence-“High Noon”: this movie was developed with the idea that it could convince Americans to fight the Cold War- realism and the use of force as the only way forward- maybe the story of IR> 1-page: how the movie deal with ideas in the three traditions (2 pts)-Modern Voice: E.H. Carr- Woodrow Wilson chair 1936-1947- main contribution to realists = avoid extreme positions- no universal solutions - go for moderation and prudence- life is about opposites: lef vs. right, good vs. evil, good for the moderation- key is to find a path of theory and practice in the middle- may have led him to support appeasement policy toward Hitler- concerned about social justice- his five objections to utopian thought that may have led to WWII-Carr’s criticism of Utopians/Liberal Internationalist- assumption that leaders have a broad range of choices - rationalism - and domestic policieswill work internationally- harmony of interests among all people of the world- faith in human reason- laws/moral code apply equally to all- war is irrational behavior-Carr agreed with Utopians on the dangers of nationalism > called for going beyond the state-EU type of organization-Sought some morality in politics- Advice on Power: military, economic and control over public opinion- IR as a zero-sum game (your gain is my loss). accommodate those with power- Advice on Morality: State is not a person - duality argument- 3 reasons why states will not honor moral codes:- no community, no universal moral code- diversity of interests and cultures- human nature - self interest/self help-failure of League and rise of Hitler > marginalized optimists, idealists and the liberal internationalists-limits of international law > keep the weak in