Thursday march 12, 4-5:30 University club, Banquet roomSchool of Ir’s Professor Ann Tickner Critique of RealismMachieavelli: virtu and FortunaHobbesFeminist IR critique of Stag HuntIndividuals hobbe describes says that they go immediately into conflict.The state of Nature is equated for Fortuna, State is associated with the masculineGame theory is founded by Hobbes and Locke, by self regarded individualsIf life was to go o for more than 1 generation then women must have not always done warfare, nurturing children. If life is to go on then men would have to have a time out, women won’t mate with psychopaths. And even if they did exist and they raped, their genes would die off.19century on: notes E and N Am describe some civilizations as masculine and others as women like Japan3 stereotype images of Latin America- which legitimized:Latin Male as militant un educated and brutalPredatory aggressivenessLatin Female- Redeemable aspired to western style of lifeAllowed the US to assume role of ardinant suitorLatin Ams generally- lazy dishonest and corrupt.Justified US need to provide discipline , and needs guidenceIn each case US looks betterUS is civilized warriorFatherThese Images- Legitimated the drive for going into Latin Am.ChinaVery similar gender metaphors to describe the people they conquered. Happy, mindless, childlike, needing guidance.Tibetain,TaiwanCould be anytime a state dominants another countryThey are usually described as being stupid,Feminist Critiques of Liberal IPE1. The rationality assumption doesn’t capture the full range of human motivationsExtrapolates from certain men and assume its universal, reduce to the desire for economic gain. She says look at the way people really are, they are not like that.2. Economic Behavior is actually embedded in social and cultural orders.3. People are socialized into their economic roles; its not simply a decision made on the basis of cost-benefit analyses.Society created role expectations and these are the kind of jobs for African people, European peoeple, and men and women.End those constrains, myth that you can escape the constrains-4. Liberal IPE has mis-specified IR’s core puzzle.Fascinated about how achieve cooperation under anarchyFeminist IR theories say that if the fundemal need of human depends were taken as a starting point community and cooperation would not be seen as problematic, but rather natural. DDon't universify that all humans have that identity of H&G bands- the natural state is not warfare, going to have to exchange for good and services or marriage partners, Wars shouldn’t be considered normal but instead ask why cooperation doesn’t happen all the time.In the long run of he stag hunt- if the person catches the heir then they will be isolated or put in jail, they wont survive. Cooperation is natural and those that don’t won’t take long till they are eliminated from the gene pool5.Policy implications are not acceptable normatively because these kinds of theories legitimate very damaging, short-sighted policies.Politics and society and culture have structural inequalities.Sturcture is based on a false premises which is of ratonal ecnomic man-feminist think about liberalismEcofeminist PhilosophyScience, development, technology & nature: Local or indigenous perspectives.Close connection b/t Domination of nature and state systems in 17th century states have regarded natural resources and land as power, nature is a resource of power.After scientific revolution: nature view as object to be exploited for human benefit, a source of power for states for interstate competition and nature as fortuna.Francis Bacon:Father of inductive reasoning: coined phrase knowledge is powerNature world described as a women that required taming shaping and subdueing from scientific mind.Connection b/t males dominating females and NatureExplains why u don’t see as many females in science and other roles ect.Separtion of mind from nature., ObjectivityReason was sepparted from objectivity to subjectivity science became definedNative Americans seen as nature and can be taken advantage of.Feminist IR theory see that they link the stereotypes to the state, as virtu and fortunaThe native American escaping the light of fortuna.Feminist IR theory-- CosmopolitanismNot as important as whats happening to real peopleFour Leading English School ThinkersMartin Wight (50s-60s)Hedley Bull (60s-80s)Adam Watson (80s-90s)Barry Buzan (80s-today)Martin WightStudy IR as “set of ideas which fill the minds of western people as they think about or participate in world politics”Objective to derive the purely parochialQuestionWill other civilizations have other traditions? If so specifically what will the differences be?And exactly what difference will the differences make for the functioning of international society?The English School’s “three traditions”Realism (Hobbesianism)Only rules that restrict them is I better do that or else its going to be destructive. Structuration, constant. In the minds if realists peace is recuperation form the last war waiting for the next.Realists:1. Don’t blame us; we’re just describing the world as it is. There responsibility to show policy makers how the world is, they must accept the world view2. International society can never be greater than the sum of its parts, which are states. The only international law (or norms) there can be is law (or norms) posited by the states.3. History is Cyclical: a vast Storehouse of data points.History is just one damn thing after anotherRationalism (Grotianism)He likes states they are good and keep order, but believe the possibility of progess to improve the human condition and reduce wars. How do you institutionalized shared interests amoung states? How do you strengthen to survive so things don’t break down into a hobbsian world?States need to restrict themselves and enforce the rules, diff between international system and society.Rationalists1. Humans may be bad, but they’re also rational.patients diplomats2. States can facilitate international exchange so that anarchy is ameliorated, step by stepmust be pragmatic to go what you want, things can become a utopia overnight.3. International society is a true society but it is institutionally-deficient.4. Progess is possible in history, but is not foreordained (inevitable)fewer wars less destructive wars, legitimated.Revolitionism (Kantianism Cosmopolitanism)They seek realization of the moral unity of the