BIO 240 1st Edition Lecture 30 Outline of Last Lecture I Peripheral Nervous System A Synapses B Receptors Outline of Current Lecture B Receptors I Peripheral Nervous System A Cranial Nerves B Spinal Nerves II Neurophysiology A Electrochemical Equilibrium Resting Potential B Anatomy of Neurophysiology Current Lecture a Adrenergic receptors Stimulated by epinephrine and Norepinephrine i Alpha 1 and 2 Found on blood vessels and constrict blood vessels when activated ii Beta 1 and 2 Found on heart and bronchioles 1 Clinical application Developing drugs that can bind with the receptors Beta blockers block the beta 1 receptors on the heart Blocks the attachment of adrenaline to the heart to keep its rhythm more consistent 2 Beta 2 Found on bronchioles Adrenaline binds to the beta 2 receptors and causes constriction of the bronchioles Can be a problem for people with asthma Albuterol in inhalers mimics adrenaline and binds to the beta 2 receptors to block the adrenergic receptors I Peripheral Nervous System A Cranial Nerves 12 pairs 1 10 pairs enter the brain stem 2 2 pairs enter the cerebrum 3 READING ASSIGNMENT ON BLACKBOARD CRANIAL NERVES B Spinal Nerves 31 pairs These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 Pairs that originate in cervical area 12 pairs that originate in the thoracic region 5 pairs that originate in the lumbar region 5 pairs that originate in the sacral area 1 pair that originates in the coccyxgeal area Spinal nerve Where the dorsal root and the ventral root merge and lead into the PNS 7 Dorsal ramus Where the spinal nerve branches towards the back 8 Ventral ramus Where the spinal nerve branches towards the front 9 Dorsal root Sensory neurons only 10 Ventral root Motor neurons only 11 Rami The initial branching of a spinal nerve carrying both sensory and motor neurons 12 Ventral plexus A branching network of intersecting nerves We re much more sensitive on our ventral side than our dorsal side because there s less nerve innervation on the dorsal aspect 13 Plexuses a Cervical plexus Nerve fibers that come off of C1 to C4 b Brachial Plexus Nerve fibers that come off of C5 to T1 NO thoracic plexus c Lumbar Plexus Nerve fibers that come off of T 12 to L4 d Sacral Plexus Nerve fibers that come off of L5 to S3 e Coccygeal Plexus Nerve fibers that come off of S4 coccyx f READING ASSIGNMENT Names of nerve and regions it feeds II Neurophysiology A Electrochemical Equilibrium Resting Potential i Muscles 85 mV ii Neurons 70 mV iii Inside the neurons low NA high K low Ca low Cl high Pr B Anatomy of Neurophysiology i Presynaptic neuron Neuron before the synapse ii Voltage Regulated Ca channels Channels for calcium on the presynaptic neuron iii Synaptic Vesicles Vesicles in the presynaptic neuron holding AcH iv Postsynaptic neuron Neuron after the synapse v Synapse or synaptic cleft Gap between two neurons vi Axonal hillock Where the axon joins the cell body If enough sodium ions reach the axonal hillock it will initiate an action potential vii Chemically regulated sodium channels Channels for sodium located on the postsynaptic neuron viii Voltage Regulated Na channels Alternate along the length of the postsynaptic axon ix Voltage Regulated K channels Alternate along the length of the postsynaptic axon
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