BIO 240 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture A Locations B Glands C Ways to classify I Tissue Growth and Development A Growth Outline of Current Lecture B Stem Cells C Tissue Repair II Connective Tissue A Types B Characteristics Current Lecture B Stem Cells i Embryonic Stem Cells Composed of human embryos Embryos start out as just one ball a diploid cell Then division occurs and once it gets over 32 cells it becomes a morula then blastula Are just cells no specialized tissue yet 1 Totipotent Stem cells that can develop into any type of cell or tissue in the body Have the blueprint to turn into anything in your body ii Adult stem Cells Occur in small numbers in mature organs throughout life 1 Multipotent Able to develop into 2 or more different cell lines but not just any body cell type Are already much more specialized than embryonic stem cells can t take a Multipotent skin stem cell from the skin and grow a kidney 2 Unipotent Can produce only one mature cell type Examples sperm eggs keratinocytes C Tissue Repair These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute i Regeneration The replacement of dead or damaged cells by the same type of cells as before It restores natural function Examples small cuts or wounds and mild sunburns ii Fibrosis The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue Holds the tissue together but does not restore natural or normal function nerves and blood vessels can be severed so function cannot be restored It s possible to have a tingling sensation or no sensation on the scar because of the nerve being severed Examples heart attacks cardiac muscle cells do not have the ability to regenerate themselves so it always repairs itself by fibrosis severe second and third degree burns and deep cuts II Connective Tissue A Types i Loose Connective Tissue 1 Areolar Connective Tissue 2 Adipose Connective Tissue 3 Reticular Connective Tissue ii Dense Connective Tissue 1 Regular Connective Tissue 2 Irregular Connective Tissue 3 Elastic Connective Tissue iii Specialized Connective Tissue 1 Cartilage a Hyaline b Fibrocartilage c Elastic 2 Bone 3 Blood B Characteristics i Embryonic tissue The prototype of all connective tissue is mesenchyme This is an embryological tissue that lays out much of our skeleton ii Has more than one cell type Cells are widely scattered This is a major difference from epithelial tissue which is composed of one cell type Specialized cells 1 Fibroblasts Secrete the fibers and gives rise to fibrocytes Fibrocytes are very important for wound repair 2 Mast cells Perform an inflammatory response by releasing histamine and heparin Are involved in wound repair a Histamine Serves as a warning to your body that something around you is dangerous to your body i e cat allergy b Heparin Blood thinner 3 Adipocytes Fat cells Serve as an insulator and for nutrient storage 4 Chondroblasts Only in cartilage These cells make the matrix and turn into chondrocytes 5 Osteoblasts Only in bone Make the matrix and turn into osteocytes 6 Macrophages Immune response from monocytes Monocytes are a type of white blood cell 7 Plasma cells Immune response from B cells that produce antibodies B cells are a type of white blood cell iii Matrix The ground substance and the fibers 1 Ground substance a Liquid b Semi semi liquid to semi solid gel like c Solid 2 Fibers a Collagen Big and wide stains smooth b Elastic Stains dark purple to black Can be long and wavy or short and blunt c Reticular Stains dark purple to black like elastic but tends to have branches in it
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