BIO 240 1st Edition Lecture 22 Outline of Last Lecture I Intro to Skeletal Muscles of the Body A Quick facts B 4 Functional Groups C Muscle terminology D Skeletal muscles to know Muscles of the head E Head muscles Outline of Current Lecture I Nervous System The master controlling and communicating system of the body Nervous cells communicate by electrical or chemical signals A 3 BROAD functions B Nervous System Divisions 1 Structural 2 Functional C Cell types of the Nervous System Current Lecture I Nervous System The master controlling and communicating system of the body Nervous cells communicate by electrical or chemical signals A 3 BROAD functions 1 Integration Thinking and processing occurs in the brain 2 Sensory Vision hearing taste smell and touch 3 Motor Action Works hand and hand with integration for movement B Nervous System Divisions 1 Structural Divisions i Central Nervous System The brain and spinal chord ii Peripheral Nervous System Cranial nerves and spinal nerves all the nerves of the body a We have 12 pairs of cranial nerves b We have 31 pairs of spinal nerves c The spinal chord bulges at the top and the bottom The bulge at the top is the cervical enlargement and the bulge at the bottom is the lumbar enlargement i This is because the nerves coming off of the cervical and lumbar regions have a longer way to go to innervate than do nerves in the thoracic region These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute d CaudaEquina The branching tail at the base of the spinal chord that innervates the lower body 2 Functional Divisions i Afferent Nervous System Sensory a Special senses Sight smell taste and hearing They are accomplished by cranial nerves b Somatosensory The body s sensory perception Accomplished by spinal mostly and cranial nerves that detect touch pressure pain and temperature c Viscerosensory Spinal nerves that detect touch pressure pain and temperature For example cardiac muscle smooth muscle and internally like to your stomach ii Efferent Nervous System Motor a Somatic N S Under voluntary control For example the nerves plugging into your skeletal muscles b Autonomic N S Under involuntary control For example the nerves plugging into your cardiac and smooth muscles such as glands c Sympathetic N S Branch of the ANS that is generally excitatory For example it speeds up heart rate increases breathing rate and increases sweating On the other hand it decreases some things such as salivation and digestion when energy needs to be used for the other things It is also known as your fight or flight response d Parasympathetic N S Branch of the ANS that is generally inhibitory For example slows down heart rate and decreases breathing and sweating On the other hand increases digestion and salvation Also known as the rest and digest C Cell types of the Nervous System 1 Neurons The only true cells of the nervous system that can elicit and transmit an impulse i Unipolar Only carry sensory information for touch pressure pain and temperature ii Bipolar Very rare in the body Only carry sensory information for sight hearing taste and smell Can find them in the retina of the eye iii Multipolar Motor neurons and interneurons a Are motor in the PNS and carry impulses away from the CNS b Interneurons association neurons Occur between motor and sensory neurons in the CNS linking the sensory and motor nervous systems
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