BIO 240 1st Edition Lecture 24 Outline of Last Lecture C Cell types of the Nervous System 1 Neurons 2 Multipolar Neuron Anatomy 3 Neuroglia Outline of Current Lecture D Connective Tissues of the Nervous System I CNS Brain Anatomy A Gross Anatomy and Function Current Lecture D Connective Tissues of the Nervous System 1 Epineurium Connective tissue that wraps around peripheral nervous tissue 2 Perineurium Connective tissue that wraps around fascicles of nerves 3 Endoneurium Connective tissue that wraps around individual neuronal processes I CNS Brain Anatomy A Gross Anatomy and Function 1 Meninges External CT layers for protection of the brain and a framework for blood vessels to grow i Dura mater a Very thick covering over the entire brain ii Arachnoid mater a Subarachnoid layer Layer between the arachnoid and pia mater that holds CSF circulating over the entire brain b Tight to the brain and has a rich blood supply iii Pia mater a Very thin layer glued tightly over the brain what makes our dissection specimens seems shiny iv Meningitis Inflammation of the meninges usually caused by bacterial or viral infections Infection is usually through your nose throat or ears 2 3 Major Regions i Cerebrum Makes up 83 of the brain s total volume Functions in intelligence sensory and motor These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute ii Cerebellum Makes up about 10 of the brain s total volume 50 of the total neurons of the brain are located here Functions in fine movement balance and muscle tone iii Brain stem Consists of the midbrain or mesencephalon the pons and the medulla oblongata a Pons and medulla oblongata are autonomic For example have respiratory nuclei that help with respiration and control heart beat 3 External Structures of the cerebrum and cerebellum i Gyrus Thick folds of the brain separated by grooves ii Sulcus A shallow groove of the brain that separates the gyra iii Longitudinal fissure A deep groove that separates the cerebrum into left and right hemispheres iv Transverse fissure A deep lateral groove that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum v Lobes Regions of the cerebrum that correspond with skull bones frontal occipital parietal and temporal 4 Internal Structures of the cerebrum and cerebellum i Corpus callosum Largest white matter area of the brain Connects the left and right hemispheres for communication ii Fornix White matter that connects the hippocampus to the hypothalamus iii Pineal gland Produces melatonin which is a hormone that regulates sleep cycles iv Thalamus THE relay center of the brain for all motor and sensory function except smell Fornix Pineal Gland Transverse Fissure
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