BIO 240 1St Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture E Long Bone Anatomy F Growth Plates G Patterns of Ossification Outline of Current Lecture I Joints A 2 Ways to classify 1 Structural Joints 2 Functional Joints B Synovial Joint Structure 1 Anatomy 2 Movements and classes 3 Knee Current Lecture I Joints Arthrology The study of joints their structure function and dysfunction Joints Any point where 2 bones meet articulation A 2 Ways to classify 1 Structure What they re made of a Fibrous joints made of fibrous DCT Has a lot of fibers collagen elastin Ex Sutures interlocking can t move gomphosis teeth sockets The peridontal ligament made of fibrous DCT connects the bony part of the tooth to the mandible or maxilla syndesmosis the ligament at the specific articulation between the tibia and fibula Is where most breaks of the ankle occur b Cartilaginous joints Made of cartilage Ex public symphysis epiphyseal plates c Synovial joints Is a combination of DCT and cartilage Contains synovial fluid in the joint Is the most mobile type of joint any movable joint is a synovial joint Ex wrist ankle elbow knee neck These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 2 Functional Joints How they move a Synarthrotic No movement Ex sutures gomphosis epiphyseal plates b Amphiarthrotic Slight movement Is able to give under pressure Ex pubic symphysis syndesmosis c Diarthrotic Free movement Ex all synovial joints B Synovial Joint Structure Shoulder is the most mobile joint in the body This is why the glenoid fossa is so shallow we give up stability for mobility Knee is the most mobile joint that has to weight bear 1 Anatomy of synovial joints a Articular cartilage Hyaline cartilage that forms the ceiling and the floor of a synovial joint b Synovial membrane Forms the inner walls of the joint cavity and secretes synovial fluid c Joint cavity Holds the synovial fluid and acts like a slippery lubricant Is made up of albumin and hyaluronic acid Has the consistency of egg whites d Fibrous capsule The outer wall of the joint cavity Is continuous with the periosteum e Additional support Ligaments tendons muscles extra cartilage 2 Classes and movement of synovial joints Reading assignment pg 284 293 3 Knee Tibio femoral joint or patella femoral joint a General Characteristics i Largest and one of the most moveable joints ii Its motion is primarily hinge but it can also rotate and glide b Muscles and cartilage i Quadriceps The 4 anterior muscles of the upper leg ii Hamstrings Posterior muscles of the upper leg iii Posterior cruciate ligament Ligament that attaches the femur to the tibia from the posterior aspect iv Anterior cruciate ligament Forms an X with the PCL attaching the femur to the tibia from the anterior aspect v Lateral colateral ligament Ligament that collects the femur to the tibia vertically on the lateral side vi Medial colateral ligament Ligament that collects the femur to the tibia vertically on the medial side vii Meniscus A thin pad of fibrocartilage in the joint cavity of the knee
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