BIO 240 1St EditionLecture 14Outline of Last LectureE. Long Bone AnatomyF. Growth PlatesG. Patterns of OssificationOutline of Current Lecture I. JointsA. 2 Ways to classify1. Structural Joints2. Functional JointsB. Synovial Joint Structure1. Anatomy2. Movements and classes3. KneeCurrent LectureI. Joints*Arthrology –The study of joints, their structure, function and dysfunction*Joints Any point where 2 bones meet (articulation)A. 2 Ways to classify1. Structure What they’re made ofa. Fibrous joints made of fibrous DCT. Has a lot of fibers (collagen, elastin…) Ex – Sutures (interlocking, can’t move), gomphosis (teeth sockets. The peridontal ligament (made of fibrous DCT) connects the bony part of the tooth to the mandible or maxilla), syndesmosis (the ligament at the specificarticulation between the tibia and fibula. Is where most breaksof the ankle occur)b. Cartilaginous joints Made of cartilage. Ex – public symphysis,epiphyseal plates.c. Synovial joints Is a combination of DCT and cartilage. Contains synovial fluid in the joint. Is the most mobile type of joint; any movable joint is a synovial joint. Ex – wrist, ankle, elbow, knee, neck. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Functional Joints How they movea. Synarthrotic No movement. Ex – sutures, gomphosis, epiphyseal plates. b. Amphiarthrotic Slight movement. Is able to give under pressure. Ex – pubic symphysis, syndesmosis. c. Diarthrotic Free movement. Ex – all synovial jointsB. Synovial Joint Structure *Shoulder is the most mobile joint in the body. This is why the glenoid fossa is so shallow – we give up stability for mobility. *Knee is the most mobile joint that has to weight bear. 1. Anatomy of synovial jointsa. Articular cartilage Hyaline cartilage that forms the ceiling and the floor of a synovial joint. b. Synovial membrane Forms the inner walls of the joint cavityand secretes synovial fluid. c. Joint cavity Holds the synovial fluid and acts like a slippery lubricant. Is made up of albumin and hyaluronic acid. Has the consistency of egg whites. d. Fibrous capsule The outer wall of the joint cavity. Is continuous with the periosteum. e. Additional support Ligaments, tendons, muscles, extra cartilage2. Classes and movement of synovial joints*Reading assignment – pg. 284-2933. Knee – Tibio-femoral joint or patella-femoral joint a. General Characteristicsi. Largest and one of the most moveable joints.ii. Its motion is primarily hinge, but it can also rotate and glide. b. Muscles and cartilagei. Quadriceps The 4 anterior muscles of the upper leg. ii. Hamstrings Posterior muscles of the upper leg. iii. Posterior cruciate ligament Ligament that attaches the femur to the tibia from the posterior aspect.iv. Anterior cruciate ligament Forms an “X” with the PCL, attaching the femur to the tibia from the anterior aspect.v. Lateral colateral ligament Ligament that collects the femur to the tibia vertically on the lateral side.vi. Medial colateral ligament Ligament that collects the femur to the tibia vertically on the medial side.vii. Meniscus A thin pad of fibrocartilage in the joint cavity of the
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