BIO 240 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture II. Biology Review A. Levels of organizationB. LifeIII. The CellA.Basic Cell Structurei.Plasma membraneOutline of Current Lecture ii.Cytoplasm and cytoskeletoniii.OrganellesB.Cell Resting Potential (electrochemical equilibrium)Current LectureII. The CellA.Basic Cell Structurei.Plasma membrane1.General characteristics (Last lecture)2.Fluid Mosaic Model (Last lecture)3.Plasma membrane protein functionsa.Enzymesb.Act as receptors – bind substances to the protein, and the binding causes changes inside the cell. 50% of pharmaceutical drug development uses this idea. c.PPMPs – Are mobile and therefore used for transport of substances in and out of the cell. d.IPMPs – Allow cell to cell contact. They are embedded in the plasma membrane protein and do not move. They can form the following types of cell to cell contact:i.Gap Junctions Channel into the cell. Formed by 2 IPMPs spanning across one cell. ii.Tight junctions Are formed by IPMPs that cross two cell membranes. They help with cell to cell communication and hold cells in place. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii.Desmosomes A form of tight junction that has microfilaments for reinforcement. ii.Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton1.Cytosol The thick semitransparent jelly that contains suspended particles in the cell. 2.Cytoskeleton Microtubules and microfilaments a.Helps to make cells dynamicb.Is important for endocytosis and exocytosis. iii.Organelles1.Nucleus Control center of the cell; contains DNA2.Endoplasmic Reticuluma.Smooth Lipid metabolism and cell detoxificationb.Rough Protein synthesis3.Ribosomes Protein synthesis 4.Golgi Apparatus Specializes proteins5.Lysosomes Contain enzymes for breaking down old proteins.6.Mitochondria Power house of the cell. Make ATP for energy storage. a.mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) Not the same DNA as n the nucleus. It is maternal. Does not mutate and is therefore very preserved. 7.Centrioles Microtubules used in mitosis and meiosisB.Cell Resting potential (Electro-chemical equilibrium)i.Inside the cell there is an overall negative charge of about -70 mVii.There are no active processes going on; the cell is at rest and all channelsare closed.iii.At this time there is a high protein concentration inside the cell, which drives the overall charge inside the cell downward, because proteins are negative. iv.Common elements inside the cell and their respective concentration INSIDE the cell. (Their concentration outside the cell would be the opposite. 1.Na+ Low2.K+ High3.Ca2+ Low4.Cl- Low5.Pr-
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