BIO 240 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture II Biology Review A Levels of organization B Life III The Cell A Basic Cell Structure i Plasma membrane Outline of Current Lecture ii Cytoplasm and cytoskeleton iii Organelles B Cell Resting Potential electrochemical equilibrium Current Lecture II The Cell A Basic Cell Structure i Plasma membrane 1 General characteristics Last lecture 2 Fluid Mosaic Model Last lecture 3 Plasma membrane protein functions a Enzymes b Act as receptors bind substances to the protein and the binding causes changes inside the cell 50 of pharmaceutical drug development uses this idea c PPMPs Are mobile and therefore used for transport of substances in and out of the cell d IPMPs Allow cell to cell contact They are embedded in the plasma membrane protein and do not move They can form the following types of cell to cell contact i Gap Junctions Channel into the cell Formed by 2 IPMPs spanning across one cell ii Tight junctions Are formed by IPMPs that cross two cell membranes They help with cell to cell communication and hold cells in place These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute iii Desmosomes A form of tight junction that has microfilaments for reinforcement ii Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton 1 Cytosol The thick semitransparent jelly that contains suspended particles in the cell 2 Cytoskeleton Microtubules and microfilaments a Helps to make cells dynamic b Is important for endocytosis and exocytosis iii Organelles 1 Nucleus Control center of the cell contains DNA 2 Endoplasmic Reticulum a Smooth Lipid metabolism and cell detoxification b Rough Protein synthesis 3 Ribosomes Protein synthesis 4 Golgi Apparatus Specializes proteins 5 Lysosomes Contain enzymes for breaking down old proteins 6 Mitochondria Power house of the cell Make ATP for energy storage a mtDNA mitochondrial DNA Not the same DNA as n the nucleus It is maternal Does not mutate and is therefore very preserved 7 Centrioles Microtubules used in mitosis and meiosis B Cell Resting potential Electro chemical equilibrium i Inside the cell there is an overall negative charge of about 70 mV ii There are no active processes going on the cell is at rest and all channels are closed iii At this time there is a high protein concentration inside the cell which drives the overall charge inside the cell downward because proteins are negative iv Common elements inside the cell and their respective concentration INSIDE the cell Their concentration outside the cell would be the opposite 1 Na Low 2 K High 3 Ca2 Low 4 Cl Low 5 Pr High
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