BIO 240 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last LectureI. Membranes A. TypesB. Cutaneous membraneC. Regions of the skinD. Details of the epidermisE. HairF. GlandsOutline of Current Lecture F. GlandsI. DermisA. Papillary RegionB. Reticular RegionC. HypodermisD. Skin DisordersII. Axial SkeletonA. SkullB. Additional Features Current LectureF. Glands1. Sebaceous gland – Oil glands. Present everywhere except on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. 2. Sweat glands – Present everywhere3. Ceruminous glands - In your ear; wax. Specialized form of sebaceous gland. 4. Mammary glands – Produce milk. There are two in humans and more in most other mammals. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.I. DermisA. Papillary Region (20%) – Highly innervated, highly vascularized.1. When combined with the stratum lucidum, this region makes up fingerprints. B. Reticular Region (80%) – Contains many thick collagen fibers, and elastic fibers. Made of dense irregular connective tissue. The compilation of collagen fibers is for stretch and return to shape. C. Hypodermis – All adipose tissue.D. Skin Disorders1. Skin cancersa. Basal cell carcinoma Most common of all skin cancers, itrarely metastasizes and is very slow growing, therefore the least deadly.b. Squamous cell carcinoma Comes from keratinocytes of the stratum Spinosum. If this is caught early the prognosis is excellent. The treatment is surgical removal. It can metastasize, but it is very slow growing. c. Melanoma Comes from melanocytes. Represents only 5% of the skin cancers. Is extremely aggressive and drug resistant. The prognosis is poor unless treated very early. 2. Porphyria Affects blood cell production; destroying mainly red blood cells. Causes extreme sensitivity to light, and natural sunlight causes excess hair growth. Gums start to retract over their teeth. Eating garlic exacerbates this disease. Commonly called the “vampire disease”______________________________________________________________________________I. Axial Skeleton - Made up of 80 bones: skull, hyoid, ossicles, vertebra, and rib cage.A. Skull1. Cranial bones (8)a. Frontal (1) b. Parietal (2)c. Temporal (2)d. Occipital (1)e. Sphenoid (1)f. Ethmoid (1)2. Facial bones (14)a. Lacrimal (2)b. Vomer (1)c. Nasal (2)d. Palatine (2)e. Maxilla (2)f. Mandible (1)g. Zygoma (2)h. Inferior nasal concha (2)B. Additional features1. Temporal bone – Mastoid process, styloid process, external auditory meatus. a. Mastoid sinus infection Can be very serious because they are difficult to treat and has a close proximity to the brain. 2. Sphenoid bone – Often called “the keystone of the cranium”. It articulates with every other cranial
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