BIO 240 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture C Functions D Loose and Dense Connective Tissue Types E Specialized Connective Tissue Outline of Current Lecture E Specialized Connective Tissue i Cartilage ii Bone iii Blood I Membranes Current Lecture E Specialized Connective Tissue i Cartilage 1 Characteristics a Semi solid to solid matrix b Not very vascularized c Has Chondroblasts cells that make the cartilage and then mature into chondrocytes when their done secreting the matrix They re chondrocytes when they have backed themselves into a hole and are completely surrounded by matrix i Lacuna The open space in the matrix that houses the chondrocyte 2 Types a Hyaline cartilage The most abundant Commonly called gristle Found in the nose larynx tracheal rings articular cartilage and costal cartilage b Elastic cartilage Is rubbery and pliable the main fiber is elastin It is found in the external ear and epiglottis c Fibrocartilage Compilation of dense connective tissue and hyaline cartilage It s main fiber is collagen and its found between your vertebrae in you intervertebral discs in your meniscus and public symphysis The main job of fibrocartilage is shock absorption found in places in the body that have to bear weight These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute ii Bone 1 Characteristics a The matrix is solid It is a compilation of calcium and phosphorous salts Fibers are mainly collagen which gives a lot of support but is still a little bit flexible b Very well vascularized c Cell types i Osteoprogenitor The precursors to osteoblasts ii Osteoblasts come from osteoprogenitors iii Osteocytes mature bone cells come from osteoblasts iv Osteoclasts come from white blood cells Function to break bone down in order to supply the body with calcium 2 Types Every bone in the body is made up of both compact and spongy bone a Compact i Osteons The fundamental unit of compact bone Also called a haversian system ii Lamella The bone matrix rings iii Lacuna The little cavities containing the osteocytes iv Central canal Also called a haversian canal Is essentially a big hole in the center of the osteon that supports larger arteries veins and nerves running through the bone there is normally one of each in each central canal v Volksman Canal Transverse canals through the osteon with smaller blood vessels and nerves These canals run perpendicular to the central canal vi Canaliculli Microscopic canals for oxygen and nutrient exchange between osteocytes b Spongy Is at the end of all long bones i Trabeculae The fundamental unit of spongy bone Also called spicules Looking at one arm of the trabeculae all of the anatomy of compact bones can be applied iii Blood 1 Characteristics a Matrix is fluid or liquid The matrix is made fluid by the plasma which is 90 water along with some plasma proteins and blood cells b Cell types i Erythrocytes Red blood cells They are the most numerous cells in the blood a single drop of blood has millions of erythrocytes Are enucleated and their function is oxygen and carbon dioxide delivery Red blood cells are sexually dimorphic males have more red blood cells ii Leukocytes White blood cells They are all nucleated and there are 5 types of white blood cells some of these categories have subspecialized types The 5 types ordered from most to least numerous 1 Neutrophils Bacteria fighters 2 Lymphocytes Can specialize into B and T cells they are specialized into fighting viruses 3 Monocytes Largest in size of all WBCs can turn into macrophages are not specialized just get rid of anything in the way through phagocytosis 4 Eosinophils Releases antihistamine Also attack parasitic worms 5 Basophils Releases histamine Mnemonic device to remember cell types from most to least numerous Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas iii Platelets Formally called thrombocytes function in blood clotting I Membranes The smallest organs by complexity A 4 types of membranes in the body 1 Serous membranes Secretes serous fluids to reduce friction a Pericardium Membrane surrounding the heart b Pleura Membrane surrounding the lungs c Peritoneum Lines the abdominopelvic cavity 2 Mucous membrane Secretes mucus and lines structures that open to the outside 3 Synovial membrane Secretes synovial fluid and lines synovial joints 4 Cutaneous membrane Skin
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