BIO 240 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last LectureI. JointsA. 2 Ways to classify1. Structural Joints2. Functional JointsB. Synovial Joint Structure1. Anatomy2. Movements and classes3. KneeOutline of Current Lecture C. Clinical Application – ACL TearD. Clinical Application – Shoulder Injuries E. Clinical Application – OsteoarthritisF. Clinical Application – Rheumatoid arthritis Current LectureC. Clinical Application – ACL Tear1. Ligaments are less vascularized than tendons.2. In an ACL tear, the surgery uses a graft from the hamstring tendon or the patellar tendon to piece together the ACL.3. The ACL can grow back even stronger than before because of the grafted tendon. 4. A downside to the allograft is that you receive two incisions: one to harvest the tendon and one to graft it to the ACL. It also has a longer recovery time than a graft from a cadaver. 5. A downside to getting a graft from a cadaver is that there is a chance that the body will reject it. 6. If using a cadaver, a ligament will normally be grafted. 7. To get the graft in there a surgeon drills diagonally through the femur and tibia and screws the graft in place with bone absorbing screws. D. Clinical Application – ShoulderThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Torn rotator cufa.2. Torn labrum a. Labrum in the shoulder’s version of the meniscus. Is a cup of fibrocartilage in the glenoid fossa.E. Clinical Application - Osteoarthritis1. Most common injury, caused by wear and tear. 2. Can happen in any synovial joint3. Most common in hands, knees, hips, and spine. 4. Crepitis – A cracking sound in the muscles. This is one of the most common early indications of developing arthritis. 5. Usually doesn’t start until age 40, is an age dependent disease. 6. Women are far more prone. a. Fluctuation of hormones loosens ligaments. 7. 85% of the population age 70 and older have it. F. Clinical Application – Rheumatoid arthritis1. Autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of joints. 2. There is a strong genetic precursor.3. Onset usually occurs in 40s.4. More common in women. 5. Is progressive and can become crippling as time goes on and cause malformations of the joints. 6. Can do joint
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