BIO 240 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last LectureA. Stem CellsB. Tissue RepairII. Connective TissueA. TypesB. Characteristics Outline of Current Lecture C. Functions D. Loose and Dense Connective Tissue TypesE. Specialized Connective Tissue Current Lectureiii. Matrix – Is composed of the ground substance and fibers1. Ground substance a. Liquidb. Semi (semi liquid to semi solid). “gel-like”c. Solid2. Fibersa. Collagen Big and wide, stains smoothb. Elastic Stains dark purple to black. Can be long and wavy, or short and blunt.c. Reticular Stains dark purple to black like elastic, but tends to have branches in it. iv. Highly vascularized – there is a blood supply,1. The exception is cartilage; it is not highly vascularized. This is why cartilage takes longer to heal than bone. C. Functionsi. For binding and support: tendons and ligaments. ii. For protection: skin forms a barrier to keep toxins out.iii. For insulation and nutrient storage: adipose tissue. iv. For transportation: blood. D. Loose and Dense Connective Tissue Typesi. Loose Connective tissue1. Areolar loose connective tissue Acts like a sponge to soak up excess fluid (edema; swelling; when fluid leaks out of cells). These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Adipose loose connective tissue Insulation and nutrient storage, and protection. Maintains homeostasis with internal bodytemperature. Stores good nutrients that can be tapped into as well as a storage site for toxins. Always a layer of fat around the kidneys; act as a shock absorber. There’s hardly any ground substance in adipose loose connective tissue because the cells are inflated with lipid and take up so much space. 3. Reticular loose connective tissue Supports lymphatic organs, such and lymph node and spleen. The reticular fibers in this tissue form stroma. There are lots of cells fairly close together surrounded by reticular fibers. a. Stroma A scaffold formed by reticular fibers. Like the springs on a mattress; the support system for lymphatic organs. ii. Dense connective tissue *The main purpose of dense connective tissue is strength and protection. It has a gel matrix and mostly collagen fibers. 1. Regular dense connective tissue The collagen fibers run parallel. There’s a little bit of extracellular space between the collagen fibers where the nuclei get pushed. a. Ligaments Attach bone to boneb. Tendons Attach muscle to bonec. Aponeurosis Attach muscle to muscle. Ex- The linea alba(the Aponeurosis that connects your right abs to your left abs).2. Irregular dense connective tissue Forms sheaths (sacs) around structures. You can find it around organs, joints, and in the skins dermis. Has more extracellular space than regular dense connective tissue.3. Elastic dense connective tissue Predominately elastic fibers for stretching and retracting. You can find it in your vocal chords, the walls of your large arteries like the aorta, and in the flavum ligamentum (elastic dense connective disuse that connects your vertebrae together).E. Specialized Connective Tissuei. Cartilage1. Characteristicsa. Semi-solid to solid matrixb. Not very vascularizedc. Has Chondroblasts (cells that make the cartilage and then mature into chondrocytes when their done secreting the matrix. They’re chondrocytes when they have backedthemselves into a hole and are completely surrounded by matrix).i. Lacuna The open space in the matrix that houses the chondrocyte.2. Typesa. Hyaline cartilage The most abundant. Commonly called gristle. Found in the nose, larynx, tracheal rings, articular cartilage, and costal cartilage. b. Elastic cartilage Is rubbery and pliable, the main fiber is elastin. It is found in the external ear and epiglottis. c. Fibrocartilage Compilation of dense connective tissue and hyaline cartilage. It’s main fiber is collagen and its found between your vertebrae in you intervertebral discs, in your meniscus, and public symphysis. The main job of fibrocartilage is shock
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