BIO 240 1st Edition Lecture 28Outline of Last Lecture F. Clinical Applications - Brain trauma or tumors 1. Frontal lobe2. Parietal lobes3. Temporal lobes4. Hippocampus5. Amygdala6. Seizures7. HandednessOutline of Current LectureI. Anatomy of Spinal Cordi. Tracts – “White matter”ii. Gray Matteriii. RootsCurrent LectureG. Anatomy of the spinal chord – transverse cut These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Gray MatterWhite Matteri. CSF fills the central canal. This is the only place for CSF in the PNS.ii. White matter can also be called tractsI. Anatomy of Spinal Cordi. Tracts – “White matter”1. Ascending Tracts Tracts going up to the brain and only carrying sensory information. For example, feedback from muscles and tendons, sensations of touch pressure pain and temperature, and proprioception. a. Proprioception Your sense of your body in space. 2. Descending Tracts Tracts going down from the brain carrying motor information only. For example, fine control of limbs, reflexive head turning, locomotion, balance and posture, and controlling head position. ii. Gray Matter Contains unmyelinated cell bodies, neuroglia, and short neuronal processes. Contains entire unmyelinated association neurons. 1. Dorsal (posterior) horns For sensory input. Contains unipolar neurons. 2. Ventral (anterior) horns For motor output. iii. Roots1. Dorsal root Sensory/ afferent only. a. Dorsal root ganglionA protective house for unmyelinatedcell bodies. 2. Ventral root Motor/ efferent only. _____________________________________________________________________________Game 3 Review- Troponin, Tropomyosin, Crossbridgeso Troponin 3 part snowman molecules attached to actin and tropomyosin o Calcium released from the terminal cisternae bind to troponin and change its shape o This moves the tropomyosin so that the myosin binding sites are exposedo Myosin heads attach to the myosin binding sites causing crossbridge formationo Power strokeo Ratcheting- Skeletal muscleso Prime movers, fixators, etc. o Diagrams to label muscles in short answero Actions of the muscle in multiple choice- Nervous systemo Functional divisions: Efferent, Afferent, Somatic, Parasympathetic, Sympathetic o Neurons: function (sensory or motor), location: unipolar, bipolar, multipolaro Neuroglia: which NS they occur in, generalized function: schwann cells, satellite cells, Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cellso Neurons are the only true cells of the NS because they can elicit and transmit an impulse. Neuroglia can’t do this. -Brain anatomy o No diagrams. o Know definitions of parts.o Meninges in anatomical order: Dura, Arachnoid, Piao Neuriums in anatomical order Epi, Peri, Endo-Brain anatomyo Know lobe located in and function being performedo Clinical applications from lobes: presented with a patient and determine which lobe of the brain the problem is in and what the name of the condition is. -Spinal chord anatomyo 3 Tracts of the braino No diagram of spinal chord, just
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