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UNCW BIO 240 - Appendicular Skeleton

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BIO 240 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last LectureI. Axial Skeleton A. SkullB. Hyoid BoneC. Ear ossiclesD. VertebraeE. Rib cageOutline of Current Lecture II. Appendicular SkeletonIII. Bones of the Upper AppendagesIV. Bones of the Lower AppendagesCurrent LectureE. Rib cage1. True ribs – 1-7 – Have costal cartilage directly articulating with the sternum. 2. False ribs – 8-12 – Have costal cartilage that indirectly articulates with the sternum.a. Floating Ribs – 11 and 12 – Have no cartilage at all. 3. Sternuma. Manubriumb. Bodyc. Xiphoid Processi. The posterior aspect of xiphoid process – aspect present on some individuals. Never causes any complications, but could rupture the heart or lungs if chest compressions are done on the xiphoid process. d. Jugular notch – The very top of the manubriume. Sternal Angle – Where the manubrium joints the body II. Appendicular SkeletonA. Pectoral Girdle1. Scapula2. ClavicleThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.B. Left and Right Arms/Hands1. Humerus – Brachium region (true arm)2. Radius3. Ulnaa. Radius + Ulna- Antebrachium region 4. Carpals5. Metacarpals – True hand bones, manus6. Phalanges – Digits, fingers a. Thumb is the pollexC. Pelvic Girdle – Coxal Bones1. Ilium2. Ischium3. Pubic a. The angle of the pubic arch can reveal the sex of a skeleton. Coxal bones and sexually dimorphic; females have a pubic arch greater than 90 degrees (obtuse), and males have a public arch less than 90 degrees (acute). Male’s pelvic bones tend to be more narrow and tall. Females are wider and shorter. Male’s sacrum is curved and pointed into what would be the birth canalwhere as female’s sacrum is not nearly as curved.D. Left and Right Legs/Feet1. Femur – Femoral region of the legs2. Tibia3. Fibula a. Crural Region (From the knee to the ankle) 4. Patella – knee cap5. Tarsals – ankle region6. Metatarsals – true foot bones, tarsus7. Phalanges – toes, digits a. Big toe is the halluxIII. Bone of the Upper AppendagesA. Humerus1. Articulates with the scapula at the proximal end to form the shoulder joint. 2. Articulates with the radius and ulna at the distal end to form the elbow.3. There is a soft spot that leaves the ulnar nerve vulnerable; when you hit this spot you get a tingling sensation down to your pinky. (Hitting your funny bone)B. Radius 1. One bone of your forearm that corresponds with your thumb at the wrist bones. C. Ulna1. The second bone of the forearm that corresponds with your pinky at the wrist bones. D. Carpalsa. Wrist bones – 8 short bonesE. Metacarpalsa. Articulate with carpals proximally and phalanges distally; forming the knuckles. b. Named I – V with I being the metacarpal that articulates with the pollex and V articulating with the pinky. F. Phalangesa. The thumb is made up of 2 phalangeal bones and all of the rest of the fingers are made up of 3IV. Bone of the Lower AppendagesA. Femura. Arguably the largest, strongest bone in the body that articulates proximally with the pelvic bone (acetabulum) and distally with the tibia to form the knee joint. B. Tibiaa. The second largest, strongest bone in the body that articulates proximally with the femur and distally with the talus. b. The femur and the tibia are the weight bearing bones.C. Fibulaa. Non-weight bearing bone. If there is a minor fracture of the fibula, itwill hurt but you can probably walk through it. You can recover froma fibula break much easier than a tibia or femur break. D. Tarsalsa. Anklebones – 7 short bones. b. Talus – The dome shaped anklebone that articulates with the tibia and forms the ankle joint. c. Calcaneus – Known as the heel bone. Is one of the strongest bones of the body. Ultimately – all the weight of the body rests


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