BIO 240 1st Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I Axial Skeleton A Skull B Hyoid Bone C Ear ossicles D Vertebrae E Rib cage Outline of Current Lecture II Appendicular Skeleton III Bones of the Upper Appendages IV Bones of the Lower Appendages Current Lecture E Rib cage 1 True ribs 1 7 Have costal cartilage directly articulating with the sternum 2 False ribs 8 12 Have costal cartilage that indirectly articulates with the sternum a Floating Ribs 11 and 12 Have no cartilage at all 3 Sternum a Manubrium b Body c Xiphoid Process i The posterior aspect of xiphoid process aspect present on some individuals Never causes any complications but could rupture the heart or lungs if chest compressions are done on the xiphoid process d Jugular notch The very top of the manubrium e Sternal Angle Where the manubrium joints the body II Appendicular Skeleton A Pectoral Girdle 1 Scapula 2 Clavicle These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute B Left and Right Arms Hands 1 Humerus Brachium region true arm 2 Radius 3 Ulna a Radius Ulna Antebrachium region 4 Carpals 5 Metacarpals True hand bones manus 6 Phalanges Digits fingers a Thumb is the pollex C Pelvic Girdle Coxal Bones 1 Ilium 2 Ischium 3 Pubic a The angle of the pubic arch can reveal the sex of a skeleton Coxal bones and sexually dimorphic females have a pubic arch greater than 90 degrees obtuse and males have a public arch less than 90 degrees acute Male s pelvic bones tend to be more narrow and tall Females are wider and shorter Male s sacrum is curved and pointed into what would be the birth canal where as female s sacrum is not nearly as curved D Left and Right Legs Feet 1 Femur Femoral region of the legs 2 Tibia 3 Fibula a Crural Region From the knee to the ankle 4 Patella knee cap 5 Tarsals ankle region 6 Metatarsals true foot bones tarsus 7 Phalanges toes digits a Big toe is the hallux III Bone of the Upper Appendages A Humerus 1 Articulates with the scapula at the proximal end to form the shoulder joint 2 Articulates with the radius and ulna at the distal end to form the elbow 3 There is a soft spot that leaves the ulnar nerve vulnerable when you hit this spot you get a tingling sensation down to your pinky Hitting your funny bone B Radius 1 One bone of your forearm that corresponds with your thumb at the wrist bones C Ulna 1 The second bone of the forearm that corresponds with your pinky at the wrist bones D Carpals a Wrist bones 8 short bones E Metacarpals a Articulate with carpals proximally and phalanges distally forming the knuckles b Named I V with I being the metacarpal that articulates with the pollex and V articulating with the pinky F Phalanges a The thumb is made up of 2 phalangeal bones and all of the rest of the fingers are made up of 3 IV Bone of the Lower Appendages A Femur a Arguably the largest strongest bone in the body that articulates proximally with the pelvic bone acetabulum and distally with the tibia to form the knee joint B Tibia a The second largest strongest bone in the body that articulates proximally with the femur and distally with the talus b The femur and the tibia are the weight bearing bones C Fibula a Non weight bearing bone If there is a minor fracture of the fibula it will hurt but you can probably walk through it You can recover from a fibula break much easier than a tibia or femur break D Tarsals a Anklebones 7 short bones b Talus The dome shaped anklebone that articulates with the tibia and forms the ankle joint c Calcaneus Known as the heel bone Is one of the strongest bones of the body Ultimately all the weight of the body rests there
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